Evaluación farmacognóstica y fitoquímica de las hojas de Eugenia Clarensis (Britton & P.Wilson)
Fecha
2014-05-25
Autores
Puerto Abrahan, Rogelio
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
Eugenia clarensis (Britton & P.Wilson) es una de las especies de la familia Myrtaceae, que por ser endémica de nuestro país carece de estudios científicos que justifiquen aplicaciones farmaceuticas. En este trabajo se llevó a cabo la evaluación farmacognóstica y fitoquímica de las hojas de la planta Eugenia clarensis. Se realizó la estandarización del secado por dos vías: a la sombra y en la estufa a 30ºC, considerándose el método de secado en la estufa el más adecuado de acuerdo a los parámetros evaluados. Se determinaron los índices numéricos de la droga cruda secada en la estufa a 30ºC, los cuales se encontraron dentro de los límites establecidos para este tipo de material vegetal. La evaluación fitoquímica incluyó un tamizaje cualitativo de los posibles metabolitos presentes en los diferentes extractos de la planta, revelando la presencia fundamentalmente de flavonoides, fenoles y taninos, ácidos grasos, triterpenos y/o esteroides, cumarinas y/o lactonas. Adicionalmente se caracterizaron tres extractos para evaluar su posible utilización en el tamizaje farmacológico. En este sentido, el extracto alcohólico mostró los mayores índices de fenoles y flavonoides totales con 14.18 mgEAG/mL y 4.71 mgER/mL, respectivamente; mostró también el mejor perfil cromatográfico y por tanto, las mayores potencialidades como posible droga antiinflamatoria y analgésica. Finalmente, se realizó un fraccionamiento del extracto alcohólico a través de varios procedimientos que incluyeron el tratamiento con carbón activado y procesos de cristalización. Este fraccionamiento permitió obtener una fracción con relativa pureza para someterse a caracterización química. Los resultados obtenidos contribuyen al conocimiento fitoquímico de esta planta, sentando las bases para las investigaciones encaminadas al desarrollo de nuevos ingredientes activos para la industria farmacéutica.
Eugenia clarensis (Britton & P.Wilson) is a species of the family Myrtaceae, that is endemic in our country without scientific studies proving pharmaceutical applications. This work was performed pharmacognostic and phytochemical evaluation of the leaves of Eugenia clarensis. Standardization of drying was performed in two ways: in the shade and in the oven at 30 º C, considering the best drying method on the oven according to the evaluated parameters. Numerical index were determined in the crude drug dried in the oven at 30 ° C, which are inside the limits for this kind of plant material. Phytochemical evaluation included qualitative screening of possible composition in different plant extracts, It basically revealing the presence of flavonoids, phenols and tannins, fatty acids, triterpenes and / or steroids, coumarins and / or lactones. Additionally, three extracts was characterized in order to evaluate it potential use in pharmacological screening. Alcoholic extract showed the highest levels of phenols and total flavonoids, 14.18 mgEAG / mL and 4.71 mgER / mL, respectively; this extract also showed the best chromatographic profile and the greater potentialities as a possible anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug. Finally, the alcoholic extract was fractionated by different procedures including treatment with activated charcoal, and crystallization processes. This fractionation yielded a fraction with relative purity for further chemical characterization. The results contribute to the phytochemical knowledge of this plant, laying the groundwork for research aimed at developing new active ingredients for the pharmaceutical industry.
Eugenia clarensis (Britton & P.Wilson) is a species of the family Myrtaceae, that is endemic in our country without scientific studies proving pharmaceutical applications. This work was performed pharmacognostic and phytochemical evaluation of the leaves of Eugenia clarensis. Standardization of drying was performed in two ways: in the shade and in the oven at 30 º C, considering the best drying method on the oven according to the evaluated parameters. Numerical index were determined in the crude drug dried in the oven at 30 ° C, which are inside the limits for this kind of plant material. Phytochemical evaluation included qualitative screening of possible composition in different plant extracts, It basically revealing the presence of flavonoids, phenols and tannins, fatty acids, triterpenes and / or steroids, coumarins and / or lactones. Additionally, three extracts was characterized in order to evaluate it potential use in pharmacological screening. Alcoholic extract showed the highest levels of phenols and total flavonoids, 14.18 mgEAG / mL and 4.71 mgER / mL, respectively; this extract also showed the best chromatographic profile and the greater potentialities as a possible anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug. Finally, the alcoholic extract was fractionated by different procedures including treatment with activated charcoal, and crystallization processes. This fractionation yielded a fraction with relative purity for further chemical characterization. The results contribute to the phytochemical knowledge of this plant, laying the groundwork for research aimed at developing new active ingredients for the pharmaceutical industry.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Eugenia clarensis (Britton & P.Wilson), Plantas Medicinales, Plants, Medicinal, Industria Farmacéutica, Drug Industry, Fitoquímicos, Phytochemicals, Farmacognosia, Pharmacognosy