Reasentamiento del hábitat en riesgo de desastres naturales. Caso de estudio Carahatas
Fecha
2016-07-22
Autores
Del Toro Medina, Geidy
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Facultad de Construcciones. Departamento de Arquitectura
Resumen
Los efectos del cambio climático constituyen motivo de creciente preocupación para la humanidad. En Cuba, se manifiestan de forma evidente con especial peligro para los asentamientos costeros debido a la elevación permanente del nivel medio del mar. Ante tales circunstancias el país ha desarrollado una estrategia de adaptación en la que se incluye el reasentamiento hacia zonas seguras del hábitat en riesgo. Esta actividad es considerada de gran complejidad dentro de la gestión del riesgo, sus implicaciones multidimensionales con énfasis en los aspectos económicos y sociales hacen que en la actualidad no existan políticas claras para enfrentar tal situación. En la práctica, las experiencias cubanas de reubicaciones no han sido favorables por diferentes causas que se abordan en la presente investigación, entre ellas la falta de enfoque del instrumento para su planificación (Plan Parcial). El trabajo propone la elaboración de una Metodología de Intervención para las condiciones de riesgo mencionadas y con especial relevancia en la colaboración de todos los actores implicados, por ello se diseña una Estrategia para la Participación y Conciliación de criterios para cada etapa propuesta. Los instrumentos fueron aplicados de forma parcial en el poblado de Carahatas, abarcando cuatro de las siete fases principales, se trabajó de forma conjunta (población e instituciones), en la toma de decisiones clave hasta determinar la alternativa final del hábitat destino. Posteriormente se realizan recomendaciones a las etapas siguientes del proceso.
The effects of climate change are a growing concern for humanity. In Cuba, they manifest particularly evident threat to coastal settlements due to the continuing rise in the average sea level. Under such circumstances, the country has developed an adaptation strategy in which resettlement of risk habitat is included to safe areas. This activity is considered of great complexity within risk management, its multidimensional implications –with emphasis on economic and social aspects– motivates the lack of certain policies to handle this situation nowadays. In practice, Cuban relocation experiences have not been favorable for different reasons addressed in this investigation, including the lack of focus of the instrument for planning (Partial Plan). The paper proposes the development of an Intervention Methodology for mentioned risk conditions and with emphasis in the collaboration of all stakeholders, that is why a Strategy for Participation and Conciliation of criteria is designed for each stage of the proposal. The instruments were applied partially in the town of Carahatas, covering four of the seven main phases, they worked together (people and institutions) in making key decisions to determine the final destination alternative habitat. Then recommendations are made to the following process steps.
The effects of climate change are a growing concern for humanity. In Cuba, they manifest particularly evident threat to coastal settlements due to the continuing rise in the average sea level. Under such circumstances, the country has developed an adaptation strategy in which resettlement of risk habitat is included to safe areas. This activity is considered of great complexity within risk management, its multidimensional implications –with emphasis on economic and social aspects– motivates the lack of certain policies to handle this situation nowadays. In practice, Cuban relocation experiences have not been favorable for different reasons addressed in this investigation, including the lack of focus of the instrument for planning (Partial Plan). The paper proposes the development of an Intervention Methodology for mentioned risk conditions and with emphasis in the collaboration of all stakeholders, that is why a Strategy for Participation and Conciliation of criteria is designed for each stage of the proposal. The instruments were applied partially in the town of Carahatas, covering four of the seven main phases, they worked together (people and institutions) in making key decisions to determine the final destination alternative habitat. Then recommendations are made to the following process steps.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Reasentamiento del Hábitat, Hábitat en Riesgo de Desastres Naturales, Carahatas, Metodología de Intervención de Riesgo, Natural Disasters, Methodology