Estudio de alternativas para la utilización del cloro remanente en la producción de coagulantes y desinfectantes en la Electroquímica de Sagua
Fecha
2017
Autores
González Alfonso, Ernesto
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Facultad de Química Farmacia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
El presente trabajo estuvo dirigido a evaluar técnica y económicamente la asimilación de nuevas
tecnologías de derivados del cloro (FeCl3, PAC y Ca(ClO)2), dada la necesidad impetuosa de la
Empresa Electroquímica de Sagua de buscarle un uso y destino al cloro y ácido clorhídrico
remanente de la nueva expansión tecnológica en gestión; y la diversificación de sus producciones
con la implementación y uso de coagulantes y desinfectantes, en su utilización para el tratamiento
de aguas y aguas residuales. Primeramente se realizó un bosquejo bibliográfico sobre la industria
del cloro y sus derivados, sobre las tecnologías de obtención de mis 3 productos, y sobre la
asimilación de tecnologías y simulación de procesos en la Industria Química. Luego, durante el
desarrollo del Cap.II, se fue seleccionando la mejor tecnología de entre mis procesos, por su
simplicidad tecnológica y beneficios en el producto final, realizando los correspondientes balances
de masa y energía (BME), seleccionando al final el equipamiento de las 3. Después, en el Cap. III,
se analizaron los resultados de la simulación, en ASPEN 8.0, de 2 de los 3 procesos (FeCl3y
Ca(ClO)2), validando los resultados del BME con los de mi modelo, realizando también análisis de
sensibilidad de las variables principales de los procesos. Por último se hizo un análisis económico
de mis 3 propuestas para calcularle el costo de inversión y costo de producción a las 3,
basándonos en información del ASPEN y en el trabajo por un Excel tabulado de economía.
The present work was aimed at evaluating technically and economically the assimilation of new technologies of chlorine derivatives (FeCl3, PAC and Ca (ClO) 2), given the impetuous need of the Electrochemical Company of Sagua to find a use and destiny to chlorine and Hydrochloric acid remnants of the new technological expansion in management; And the diversification of its productions with the implementation and use of coagulants and disinfectants, in its use for the treatment of water and waste water. Firstly a bibliographic outline was made on the chlorine and its derivatives industry, on the technologies for obtaining my 3 products, and on the assimilation of technologies and simulation of processes in the Chemical Industry. Then, during the development of Cap.II, the best technology was chosen from among my processes, for its technological simplicity and benefits in the final product, making the corresponding mass and energy balances (BME), selecting in the end the equipment of 3. Then, in Chap. III, the results of the simulation in ASPEN 8.0 of 2 of the 3 processes (FeCl3 and Ca (ClO) 2) were analyzed, validating the results of the BME with those of my model, also performing sensitivity analysis of the main variables of the processes. Finally an economic analysis of my 3 proposals was made to calculate the cost of investment and cost of production at 3, based on information from ASPEN and work for an Excel tabulated economy.
The present work was aimed at evaluating technically and economically the assimilation of new technologies of chlorine derivatives (FeCl3, PAC and Ca (ClO) 2), given the impetuous need of the Electrochemical Company of Sagua to find a use and destiny to chlorine and Hydrochloric acid remnants of the new technological expansion in management; And the diversification of its productions with the implementation and use of coagulants and disinfectants, in its use for the treatment of water and waste water. Firstly a bibliographic outline was made on the chlorine and its derivatives industry, on the technologies for obtaining my 3 products, and on the assimilation of technologies and simulation of processes in the Chemical Industry. Then, during the development of Cap.II, the best technology was chosen from among my processes, for its technological simplicity and benefits in the final product, making the corresponding mass and energy balances (BME), selecting in the end the equipment of 3. Then, in Chap. III, the results of the simulation in ASPEN 8.0 of 2 of the 3 processes (FeCl3 and Ca (ClO) 2) were analyzed, validating the results of the BME with those of my model, also performing sensitivity analysis of the main variables of the processes. Finally an economic analysis of my 3 proposals was made to calculate the cost of investment and cost of production at 3, based on information from ASPEN and work for an Excel tabulated economy.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Empresa Electroquímica de Sagua la Grande (ELQUIM), Industria Química, Industria del Cloro, Derivados del Cloro, Tecnología de Cloruro Férrico, Tecnología de Policloruro de Aluminio (PAC), Tecnología de Hipoclorito de Calcio