Integración de procesos para la reducción de energía y agua en la UEB “Panchito Gómez Toro”
Fecha
2017
Autores
La Rosa Rodríguez, Ana Iris
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Facultad de Química Farmacia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
La industria azucarera cubana posee la necesidad de incrementar los índices de generación de energía eléctrica y la eficiencia económica con el fin de fortalecerse. Para ello, es necesario la racionalización de los consumos propios de energía eléctrica contrarrestando el sobredimensionamiento y el aumento de la eficiencia de la planta de generación de vapor. El presente trabajo toma como caso de estudio a la UEB “Panchito Gómez Toro” ubicada en la provincia de Villa Clara para aplicar los métodos de análisis basados en la primera ley (tecnología “Pinch”) y en la segunda ley de la termodinámica (análisis exergético). Se realiza un análisis exergético de los esquemas energéticos actuales mediante tres métodos diferentes para determinar la distribución de las pérdidas y su magnitud en la instalación térmica. En la etapa de calentamiento se obtienen pérdidas exergéticas con valores hasta 2 674,17kW y en el sistema de evaporación hasta 22 051,95kW. Además, se proporciona una valoración cualitativa y cuantitativa de las mismas. También se emplea el método “Pinch” utilizando el software ASPEN TECH para lograr una integración de las etapas de calentamiento y de evaporación del proceso en cuestión, reportándose requerimientos mínimos de 4 884kW y 19 260kW, respectivamente. La integración energética de las etapas objetos de estudio aporta ahorros hasta 23 023 CUP/año en la etapa de calentamiento y en el sistema de evaporación hasta 118 168 CUP/año. Además, se evalúa la instalación de un termocompresor como alternativa para reducir los consumos de energía, obteniéndose como posición óptima de succión desde el cuarto hasta el tercer efecto con requerimientos térmicos de 4 061kW y ahorros potenciales hasta 446 710CUP/año, valor inferior a los del esquema termoenergético actual.
The Cuban sugar industry has the need to increase rates of electric power generation and economic efficiency in order to strengthen itself. For this, it is necessary to rationalize the own consumption of electric energy by counteracting oversizing and increasing the efficiency of the steam generating plant. The present work takes as a case study the UEB "Panchito Gómez Toro" located in the province of Villa Clara to apply the methods of analysis based on the first law ("Pinch" technology) and the second law of thermodynamics (analysis Exergetic). An exergetic analysis of the current energy schemes it carried out using three different methods to determine the distribution of losses and their magnitude in the thermal installation. In the heating stage, exergetic losses are obtained with values up to 2 674,17 kW and in the evaporation system up to 22 051,95kW. In addition, a qualitative and quantitative assessment it provided. The "Pinch" method is also used using ASPEN TECH software to achieve integration of the heating and evaporation stages of the process in question, with minimum requirements of 4 884 kW and 19 260 kW, respectively. The energy integration of the stages of study provides savings of up to 23 023 CUP / year in the heating stage and in the evaporation system up to 118 168 CUP / year. In addition, it is evaluated the installation of a thermocompressor as an alternative to reduce energy consumption, obtaining as an optimal position of suction from the fourth to the third effect with thermal requirements of 4 061kW and potential savings up to 446 710CUP / year, lower value than Of the current thermoenergetic scheme.
The Cuban sugar industry has the need to increase rates of electric power generation and economic efficiency in order to strengthen itself. For this, it is necessary to rationalize the own consumption of electric energy by counteracting oversizing and increasing the efficiency of the steam generating plant. The present work takes as a case study the UEB "Panchito Gómez Toro" located in the province of Villa Clara to apply the methods of analysis based on the first law ("Pinch" technology) and the second law of thermodynamics (analysis Exergetic). An exergetic analysis of the current energy schemes it carried out using three different methods to determine the distribution of losses and their magnitude in the thermal installation. In the heating stage, exergetic losses are obtained with values up to 2 674,17 kW and in the evaporation system up to 22 051,95kW. In addition, a qualitative and quantitative assessment it provided. The "Pinch" method is also used using ASPEN TECH software to achieve integration of the heating and evaporation stages of the process in question, with minimum requirements of 4 884 kW and 19 260 kW, respectively. The energy integration of the stages of study provides savings of up to 23 023 CUP / year in the heating stage and in the evaporation system up to 118 168 CUP / year. In addition, it is evaluated the installation of a thermocompressor as an alternative to reduce energy consumption, obtaining as an optimal position of suction from the fourth to the third effect with thermal requirements of 4 061kW and potential savings up to 446 710CUP / year, lower value than Of the current thermoenergetic scheme.
Descripción
Palabras clave
UEB “Panchito Gómez Toro”, Villa Clara, Industria Azucarera, Fabricación de Azúcar, Integración Energética