Crecimiento de Cryptophyta empleando vinazas cubanas como medio de cultivo
Fecha
2017
Autores
Abreu Hernández, Lissett
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Facultad de Química Farmacia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
En la presente investigación se estudió el crecimiento de Cryptophyta empleando vinazas como medio cultivo. Se utilizó la vinaza procedente de la destilería “Heriberto Duquesne” la cual contiene minerales como K, Ca y Mg y valores de DQO y DBO5 de 31 919,6 y 19 151,76 mg/l respectivamente. Para el desarrollo experimental se propuso un diseño Placket-Bürman considerándose dos variables falsas y como reales concentración de vinaza, luz, ph del medio, aireación y tiempo de crecimiento, así como peso seco total y remoción de carga contaminante y minerales como parámetros finales. Los indicadores analizados para el crecimiento fueron conteo celular, peso seco, densidad óptica y clorofila total. La mayor productividad fue de 5 995,4 mg y se alcanzó con 100% de vinaza, 24h de luz, ph ocho, aireación y siete días de crecimiento. Al analizar los modelos obtenidos en la producción de biomasa la concentración de vinaza es la variable más significativa, mientras que, en la remoción de DQO-DBO5 y minerales lo es la luz y concentración respectivamente. A partir de estos resultados se propuso un esquema tecnológico utilizando 330 m3 de vinaza para obtener 1 500 kg/d de biomasa. En el análisis económico no resulta atractivo considerar la inversión de la planta sola pues se obtiene un VAN de $ 2 966 139,35, una TIR del 28 % y un PRD de 7,1 años. Sin embargo, si se anexa a una destilería instalada o forma parte de la inversión de una nueva destilería, se alcanza un PRD de 0,9 o 4 años respectivamente.
In the present investigation the growth of Cryptophyta was studied using stillage as half culture. The stillage from the "Heriberto Duquesne" distillery was used, which contains minerals such as K, Ca and Mg and COD and BOD5 values of 31 919.6 and 19 151.76 mg / l respectively. For the experimental development a Placket-Bürman design was proposed considering two false variables and as real concentration of stillage, light, medium pH, aeration and growth time, as well as total dry weight and removal of pollutant load and minerals as final parameters. The indicators analyzed for growth were cell count, dry weight, optical density and total chlorophyll. The highest productivity was 5 995.4 mg and was achieved with 100% stillage 24 h light, pH eight, aeration and seven days of growth. When analyzing the models obtained in the production of biomass, the concentration of stillage is the most significant variable, whereas in the removal of COD-BOD5 and minerals it is the light and concentration respectively. From these results a technological scheme was proposed using 330 m3 of stillage to obtain 1 500 kg / d of biomass. In the economic analysis, it is not attractive to consider the investment of the plant alone because a NPV of $ 2 966 139.35, a IRR of 28% and a PRD of 7.1 years is obtained. However, if it is attached to an installed distillery or forms part of the investment of a new distillery, a PRD of 0.9 or 4 years respectively is reached.
In the present investigation the growth of Cryptophyta was studied using stillage as half culture. The stillage from the "Heriberto Duquesne" distillery was used, which contains minerals such as K, Ca and Mg and COD and BOD5 values of 31 919.6 and 19 151.76 mg / l respectively. For the experimental development a Placket-Bürman design was proposed considering two false variables and as real concentration of stillage, light, medium pH, aeration and growth time, as well as total dry weight and removal of pollutant load and minerals as final parameters. The indicators analyzed for growth were cell count, dry weight, optical density and total chlorophyll. The highest productivity was 5 995.4 mg and was achieved with 100% stillage 24 h light, pH eight, aeration and seven days of growth. When analyzing the models obtained in the production of biomass, the concentration of stillage is the most significant variable, whereas in the removal of COD-BOD5 and minerals it is the light and concentration respectively. From these results a technological scheme was proposed using 330 m3 of stillage to obtain 1 500 kg / d of biomass. In the economic analysis, it is not attractive to consider the investment of the plant alone because a NPV of $ 2 966 139.35, a IRR of 28% and a PRD of 7.1 years is obtained. However, if it is attached to an installed distillery or forms part of the investment of a new distillery, a PRD of 0.9 or 4 years respectively is reached.
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Palabras clave
Biomasa de Cryptophyta, Microalgas, Vinazas, Destilería “Heriberto Duquesne”