Diseño del sistema de riego para el cultivo de flores en la Finca La Veguelana
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Fecha
2017-07
Autores
Cordoves Zamora, Marcos Antonio
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Editor
Universidad Central ¨Marta Abreu¨ de Las Villas. Facultad de Construcciones. Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica.
Resumen
En el presente trabajo se realiza el diseño del sistema de riego para el cultivo de flores en la finca La Veguelana, localizada en las inmediaciones del poblado de Falcón perteneciente a la provincia de Villa Clara. Se analizan las condiciones existentes en la zona de emplazamiento como: hidrología, geología, topografía, clima, suelos, entre otros elementos que determinan el régimen y la red de riego. Se realiza un estudio de los métodos de riego más apropiados para la explotación del sistema de riego estableciéndose la aspersión y el riego localizado como los más idóneos. Se diseñan las técnicas de riego por aspersión tradicional con un sistema semi-estacionario y por micro-aspersión con un sistema estacionario empleando los métodos de cálculos más apropiados, así como hojas de cálculo que permiten automatizar el trabajo. Al existir dos variantes de riego que garantizan las necesidades hídricas de los cultivos se pasa a un análisis técnico-económico para seleccionar la más factible. Las hojas de cálculo para el diseño de las técnicas de riego podrán ser empleadas en otras localidades y con otros cultivos siempre y cuando se introduzcan los datos que caractericen las condiciones naturales y el cultivo a desarrollar.
In the present research project is developed the design of the irrigation system used to grow flowers in La Veguelana farm. This farm is located nearby the Falcon town in the province of Villa Clara. Different conditions specifically given in the research zone are analyzed, for example: hydrology, geology, topography, weather, soils and some other elements that determine the irrigation web and system. It is also developed a study of the most appropriate irrigation methods for the optimum use of the irrigation system. The aspersion and the focalized irrigation are identified as the ideal methods so far. The irrigation techniques by traditional aspersion are designed as a half-static system and consequently by micro-aspersion with a static system, using the most accurate calculation systems as well as excel sheets that make possible to automatize the work. Since there are two irrigation variants that are fully effective and cover all the crops hydric requirements, the final decision of the most suitable variant to use will depend on a technical and economic analysis. The excel sheets for the design of the irrigation techniques could be used in another places and on other crops as long as the respective data proper of the natural conditions and the crop to be grown, are fully introduced.
In the present research project is developed the design of the irrigation system used to grow flowers in La Veguelana farm. This farm is located nearby the Falcon town in the province of Villa Clara. Different conditions specifically given in the research zone are analyzed, for example: hydrology, geology, topography, weather, soils and some other elements that determine the irrigation web and system. It is also developed a study of the most appropriate irrigation methods for the optimum use of the irrigation system. The aspersion and the focalized irrigation are identified as the ideal methods so far. The irrigation techniques by traditional aspersion are designed as a half-static system and consequently by micro-aspersion with a static system, using the most accurate calculation systems as well as excel sheets that make possible to automatize the work. Since there are two irrigation variants that are fully effective and cover all the crops hydric requirements, the final decision of the most suitable variant to use will depend on a technical and economic analysis. The excel sheets for the design of the irrigation techniques could be used in another places and on other crops as long as the respective data proper of the natural conditions and the crop to be grown, are fully introduced.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Sistema de Riego, Cultivo de Flores, Diseño, Villa Clara