Formulación de una crema antiacné a partir de las hojas de Jatropha gossypifolia L.
Fecha
2017
Autores
Coba Sánchez, Margarita Elena
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Facultad de Química Farmacia. Departamento de Farmacia
Resumen
La resistencia de las cepas bacterianas, involucradas en el desarrollo del acné, a los antimicrobianos, y la irritación resultante de algunos medicamentos, constituyen barreras significativas a la adherencia del paciente a la terapia. En el presente trabajo se optó por una alternativa adecuada de tratamiento, mediante la formulación de una crema cosmecéutica a partir de las hojas de la Jatropha gossypifolia L. recolectadas en Quemado de Güines, Villa Clara. Para ello se obtuvo el extracto hidroalcohólico de la planta y se le realizó la caracterización físico-química y fitoquímica. Mediante un diseño experimental factorial 23, que incluyó factores de formulación y de proceso, se obtuvieron 8 formulaciones. Se les realizaron ensayos de control de la calidad (características organolépticas, tipo de emulsión, extensibilidad, densidad aparente, pH) y de estabilidad física acelerada (centrifugación, ciclos frío-calor y congelación-descongelación). Además se evaluó el efecto de la formulación en la actividad antimicrobiana in vitro del extracto, frente a Staphylococcus aureus, mediante el método de difusión en pozos. Se detectaron metabolitos secundarios como: saponinas, alcaloides, taninos, flavonoides, triterpenos, coumarinas, azúcares reductores y aminoácidos libres, que justifican sus actividades: antimicrobiana, antioxidante, analgésica, antinflamatoria, entre otras, reportadas en la literatura. La formulación con mejores resultados es la que contiene 4 mL de extracto, 5% de polawax, empleando 1500 rpm como velocidad de agitación, pues posee buena calidad tecnológica y estabilidad física. Sin embargo el extracto no demostró actividad frente a la bacteria, atribuible a la influencia de factores medioambientales y a la no presencia de quinonas en esta planta.
The resistance of bacterial strains, involved in the development of acne, to antimicrobials, and the resulting irritation of some medications, constitute significant barriers to patient adherence to therapy. In the present work we opted for an adequate treatment alternative, through the formulation of a cosmeceutical cream from the leaves of Jatropha gossypifolia L. collected in Quemado de Güines, Villa Clara. For this, the hydroalcoholic extract of the plant was obtained and the physical-chemical and phytochemical characterization was performed. By means of a factorial experimental design 23, which included formulation and process factors, 8 formulations were obtained. Quality control tests (organoleptic characteristics, emulsion type, extensibility, bulk density, pH) and accelerated physical stability (centrifugation, cold-heat cycles and freeze-thaw) were performed. In addition, the effect of the formulation on the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the extract against Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated by the diffusion method in wells. Secondary metabolites such as saponins, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenes, coumarins, reducing sugars and free amino acids were detected, which justify their activities: antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, among others, reported in the literature. The formulation with the best results is the one containing 4 mL of extract, 5% of polawax, using 1500 rpm as stirring speed, because it has good technological quality and physical stability. However, the extract showed no activity against the bacteria, attributable to the influence of environmental factors and the non-presence of quinones in this plant.
The resistance of bacterial strains, involved in the development of acne, to antimicrobials, and the resulting irritation of some medications, constitute significant barriers to patient adherence to therapy. In the present work we opted for an adequate treatment alternative, through the formulation of a cosmeceutical cream from the leaves of Jatropha gossypifolia L. collected in Quemado de Güines, Villa Clara. For this, the hydroalcoholic extract of the plant was obtained and the physical-chemical and phytochemical characterization was performed. By means of a factorial experimental design 23, which included formulation and process factors, 8 formulations were obtained. Quality control tests (organoleptic characteristics, emulsion type, extensibility, bulk density, pH) and accelerated physical stability (centrifugation, cold-heat cycles and freeze-thaw) were performed. In addition, the effect of the formulation on the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the extract against Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated by the diffusion method in wells. Secondary metabolites such as saponins, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenes, coumarins, reducing sugars and free amino acids were detected, which justify their activities: antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, among others, reported in the literature. The formulation with the best results is the one containing 4 mL of extract, 5% of polawax, using 1500 rpm as stirring speed, because it has good technological quality and physical stability. However, the extract showed no activity against the bacteria, attributable to the influence of environmental factors and the non-presence of quinones in this plant.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Jatropha gossypifolia L., Plantas Medicinales, Crema Cosmecéutica, Actividad Antimicrobiana