Contribución a la preformulación del extracto hidroalcohólico de hojas y flores de Turnera ulmifolia L
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Fecha
2016-07
Autores
Isaac Crespo, Laura
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Facultad de Química Farmacia. Departamento de Farmacia
Resumen
En el presente trabajo se abordan los resultados obtenidos de los estudios físico-químicos y de preformulación realizados a los extractos obtenidos de las flores y hojas de Turnera ulmifolia L. con posible acción antioxidante, sedante, antiinflamatoria y analgésica, se determinaron los índices numéricos de la droga cruda secada al sol, los cuales se encuentran dentro de los límites establecidos para este tipo de material vegetal. Se establecieron las especificaciones de calidad de los extractos procedentes de las hojas de la planta y estos se evaluaron a través de tamizaje fitoquímico, lográndose detectar fenoles y/o taninos, flavonoides, quinonas, coumarinas, alcaloides, y azúcares reductores. Adicionalmente se llevó a cabo la Cromatografía Gaseosa (CG), para corroborar la composición química de componentes fenólicos volátiles en dichos extractos. Se obtuvieron dos extractos hidroalcohólicos, con los siguientes rendimientos: 19,63 % y 27,62 % para flores y hojas respectivamente. Se determinó el contenido fenólico y de flavonoides para cada extracto, evidenciándose valores superiores para el extracto hidroalcohólico de hojas en ambas determinaciones. Todos los resultados obtenidos en el estudio permiten la preformulación preliminar de un jarabe, el cual mostró características organolépticas, carácter ácido-base (pH), densidad relativa, índice de refracción, sólidos totales, contenido alcohólico, volumen por frasco y determinaciones de identificación de metabolitos secundarios aceptables durante el tiempo de estudio. Estos estudios de preformulación son muy necesarios ya que ofrecen suficientes elementos de calidad, eficacia y seguridad para la posterior conformación del expediente de solicitud de registro sanitario como producto farmacéutico y su futura comercialización.
In this paper the results of physico-chemical studies and preformulation made to the extracts obtained from the flowers and leaves of Turnera ulmifolia L. with possible antioxidant action, sedative, anti-inflammatory and analgesic addressed, numerical indexes were determined the sun-dried crude drug, which are within the limits for this type of plant material. Quality specifications of the extracts from the leaves of the plant were established and these were evaluated through phytochemical screening, achieving detect phenols and / or tannins, flavonoids, quinones, coumarins, alkaloids and reducing sugars. Additionally, he held the Gas Chromatography (GC), to verify the chemical composition of volatile phenolic compounds in these extracts. 19.63% and 27.62% respectively for flowers and leaves, two hydro-alcoholic extracts, with the following yields were obtained. The phenolic content was determined and for each extract flavonoid, showing higher values for the hydroalcoholic extract of leaves in both determinations. All results obtained in the study allow preliminary preformulation a syrup, which showed organoleptic characteristics, acidic-base (pH), specific gravity, refractive index, total solids, alcohol content, volume flask and determinations identification acceptable secondary metabolites during the study time. These preformulation studies are needed because they offer sufficient quality, efficacy and safety for the subsequent formation of the application file sanitary registration as a pharmaceutical product and its future commercialization.
In this paper the results of physico-chemical studies and preformulation made to the extracts obtained from the flowers and leaves of Turnera ulmifolia L. with possible antioxidant action, sedative, anti-inflammatory and analgesic addressed, numerical indexes were determined the sun-dried crude drug, which are within the limits for this type of plant material. Quality specifications of the extracts from the leaves of the plant were established and these were evaluated through phytochemical screening, achieving detect phenols and / or tannins, flavonoids, quinones, coumarins, alkaloids and reducing sugars. Additionally, he held the Gas Chromatography (GC), to verify the chemical composition of volatile phenolic compounds in these extracts. 19.63% and 27.62% respectively for flowers and leaves, two hydro-alcoholic extracts, with the following yields were obtained. The phenolic content was determined and for each extract flavonoid, showing higher values for the hydroalcoholic extract of leaves in both determinations. All results obtained in the study allow preliminary preformulation a syrup, which showed organoleptic characteristics, acidic-base (pH), specific gravity, refractive index, total solids, alcohol content, volume flask and determinations identification acceptable secondary metabolites during the study time. These preformulation studies are needed because they offer sufficient quality, efficacy and safety for the subsequent formation of the application file sanitary registration as a pharmaceutical product and its future commercialization.
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Palabras clave
Turnera ulmifolia L., Plantas Medicinales, Estudios Fitoquímicos