Estudio de las necesidades educativas con relación a la donación de órganos en el área de salud del policlínico “Dr. Rudersindo García del Rijo” de la provincia de Sancti Spíritus.
Fecha
2010-07-22
Autores
Alonso Clemente, Leidy Laura
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Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas
Resumen
La presente investigación persiguió como objetivo fundamental caracterizar las necesidades educativas relacionadas con la donación de órganos para trasplante de la población del área de salud del policlínico “Dr. Rudersindo García del Rijo” de la provincia de Sancti Spíritus.
La muestra estuvo conformada por un total de 243 sujetos, seleccionados por un muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple al azar a partir del total de la población. Para el desarrollo del estudio se partió del paradigma mixto de la investigación, respondiendo a un diseño predominantemente cuantitativo. El estudio es transversal y exploratorio descriptivo.
Para dar cumplimiento a los objetivos del estudio se emplearon diversas técnicas: la entrevista semiestructurada, dos cuestionarios y la revisión de documentos. El análisis de los resultados se realizó tanto de forma cualitativa como cuantitativa, en caso de esta última valiéndose del programa estadístico SPSS para Windows. Se trabajó con una estadística descriptiva a través de la prueba Chi cuadrado, U de Man Whitney y el empleo de tablas de contingencia. Además se empleó la Q de Cochran para realizar las comparaciones de las variables sociodemográficas.
Los resultados obtenidos señalan que los sujetos estudiados presentan marcadas dificultades en relación a los conocimientos esenciales sobre la donación de órganos para trasplante. A pesar de esto muestran un marcado interés por recibir instrucción al respecto pues consideran que es una problemática de gran relevancia social y para la salud. Esta situación determina que a pesar de las valoraciones favorables al respecto manifiesten una disposición alta y a su vez relativa para constituirse en donantes.
Se reafirmó el potencial que constituye el personal asistencial de los consultorios quienes se muestran en disposición para desarrollar acciones educativas con la población, aunque manifestaron necesidades de capacitación relacionadas con técnicas comunicativas así como una actualización sobre el tema.
The present investigation aimed as fundamental objective to characterize the educational necessities related with the donation of organs for transplant in a population of the area of health of the South policlinic in Sancti Spíritus city. The sample was conformed by a total of 243 persons, selected by a sampling simple random probabilistic starting from the total population. To develop the study, it was begun by the mixed paradigm of the investigation, responding to a mainly quantitative design. The study is traverse and exploratory descriptive. To fulfill the objectives of the study diverse techniques were used: the semi structure interview, two questionnaires and the revision of documents. The analyses of the results were carried out so much in a qualitative as quantitative way, this last by means of the statistical program SPSS for Windows. It was worked with descriptive statistic through the test squared Chi, U de Man Whitney and the use of contingency charts. The Q of Cochran was also used to carry out the comparisons of the variable sociodemographic. The obtained results point out that the studied persons present marked difficulties in relation to the essential knowledge on the donation of organs for transplant. In spite of this, they show a marked interest to receive instruction in this respect, because they consider that it is a problem of great social relevance and for the health. This situation determines that, in spite of the favorable valuations in this respect, they manifest a low disposition to be constituted in donors. The potential that the assistance personnel of the clinics constitute was reaffirmed; they are shown in disposition to develop educational actions with the population, although they manifested training necessities related with communicative techniques and an upgrade on the topic.
The present investigation aimed as fundamental objective to characterize the educational necessities related with the donation of organs for transplant in a population of the area of health of the South policlinic in Sancti Spíritus city. The sample was conformed by a total of 243 persons, selected by a sampling simple random probabilistic starting from the total population. To develop the study, it was begun by the mixed paradigm of the investigation, responding to a mainly quantitative design. The study is traverse and exploratory descriptive. To fulfill the objectives of the study diverse techniques were used: the semi structure interview, two questionnaires and the revision of documents. The analyses of the results were carried out so much in a qualitative as quantitative way, this last by means of the statistical program SPSS for Windows. It was worked with descriptive statistic through the test squared Chi, U de Man Whitney and the use of contingency charts. The Q of Cochran was also used to carry out the comparisons of the variable sociodemographic. The obtained results point out that the studied persons present marked difficulties in relation to the essential knowledge on the donation of organs for transplant. In spite of this, they show a marked interest to receive instruction in this respect, because they consider that it is a problem of great social relevance and for the health. This situation determines that, in spite of the favorable valuations in this respect, they manifest a low disposition to be constituted in donors. The potential that the assistance personnel of the clinics constitute was reaffirmed; they are shown in disposition to develop educational actions with the population, although they manifested training necessities related with communicative techniques and an upgrade on the topic.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Necesidades Educativas, Donación de Organos, Educational Needs, Organ Donation