Metodología para la elaboración de muelas abrasivas sobre vástago, a partir de escorias aluminotérmicas y cemento Pórtland P-350
Fecha
2007-06-20
Autores
Palacios Arteaga, Osbany
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
El presente trabajo aborda una investigación en el desarrollo de muelas abrasivas sobre vástago, empleando residuales escorias aluminotérmicas y una mezcla de cemento Pórtland P-350 y agua. En el trabajo se hace referencia a las normas para el uso y control de la calidad de los materiales abrasivos, así como un análisis de los fundamentos teóricos más importantes sobre los mismos. La metodología desarrollada elimina el proceso de sinterización comúnmente aplicado durante la obtención de muelas abrasivas sobre vástago, al sustituir los aglutinantes de altas temperaturas por otros de endurecimiento a temperatura ambiente (cemento). En la tesis se estudia las relaciones entre los componentes de la mezcla, atendiendo a su desempeño durante el ensayo de pérdida de masa. Se incluye el diseño y fabricación de los moldes. En los prototipos de muelas abrasivas sobre vástago producidas el 41 % del costo total lo conforma el abrasivo; el 32 %, el costo del vástago metálico; mientras que sólo un 2 %, el cemento. El 25 por ciento restante se encuentra distribuido entre la mano de obra, la transportación y el consumo energético. La muela elaborada, a partir de una mezcla con 60 % escorias, 26,66 % cemento, y 13,34 % de agua destilada, presenta un comportamiento similar a muelas comerciales fabricadas por la firma NORTON. Su costo de fabricación unitario es de 0,022 CUC y 0,0036
CUP, con una ganancia unitaria de 0,48 CUC.
The present work approaches an investigation in the development of abrasive wheels, using the aluminotermical residual and cement Portland P-350. Some standards for test control on the abrasive wheels are presented. The developed methodology eliminates the winterization process with the purpose of reducing the imports and diminishing the impact of environmental contamination. It is also carried out an experimental work with the purpose of studying the best mixture in the matters selected cousins, scum and agglutinants, assisting to acting during their exploitation. It is also included the design and production of the molds and a proposal of a rehearsal methodology, based in the loss of mass that would allow to select the best composition, taking as dependent variable the abrasive waste. In the thesis it is studied the relationships among the components of the mixture, assisting to their acting during the rehearsal of loss of mass. It is included the design and production of the molds. In the prototypes of abrasive wheels produced the 41 % of the total cost conforms it the abrasive; 32 %, the metallic offspring's cost; while alone 2 %, the cement. 25 remaining percent are distributed among the manpower, the transportation and the energy consumption. The elaborated molar, starting from a mixture with 60 % slag, 26,66 % cements, and 13,34 % of distilled water, it presents a similar behavior to commercial molars manufactured by the signature NORTON. Their unitary manufacturing cost is of 0,022 CUC and 0,0036 CUP, with an unitary gain of 0,48 CUC.
The present work approaches an investigation in the development of abrasive wheels, using the aluminotermical residual and cement Portland P-350. Some standards for test control on the abrasive wheels are presented. The developed methodology eliminates the winterization process with the purpose of reducing the imports and diminishing the impact of environmental contamination. It is also carried out an experimental work with the purpose of studying the best mixture in the matters selected cousins, scum and agglutinants, assisting to acting during their exploitation. It is also included the design and production of the molds and a proposal of a rehearsal methodology, based in the loss of mass that would allow to select the best composition, taking as dependent variable the abrasive waste. In the thesis it is studied the relationships among the components of the mixture, assisting to their acting during the rehearsal of loss of mass. It is included the design and production of the molds. In the prototypes of abrasive wheels produced the 41 % of the total cost conforms it the abrasive; 32 %, the metallic offspring's cost; while alone 2 %, the cement. 25 remaining percent are distributed among the manpower, the transportation and the energy consumption. The elaborated molar, starting from a mixture with 60 % slag, 26,66 % cements, and 13,34 % of distilled water, it presents a similar behavior to commercial molars manufactured by the signature NORTON. Their unitary manufacturing cost is of 0,022 CUC and 0,0036 CUP, with an unitary gain of 0,48 CUC.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Abrasivos, Muelas sobre Vástagos, Escorias, Cemento