Principales indicadores reproductivos y factores ambientales que afectan a vacas de los genotipos Siboney y Mambí de Cuba
Fecha
2019-05
Autores
García Díaz, Juan Ramón
Noval Artiles, Ernesto
Quiñones Ramos, Reinaldo
Pérez Bello, Alcides
Hernández Barreto, Miguel Alejandro
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Resumen
Antecedentes: La heredabilidad de los rasgos relacionados con la producción lechera, reproducción y longevidad fue
estudiada ampliamente en la década pasada; sin embargo, los factores ambientales y el manejo inadecuado determinan
la eficiencia del comportamiento reproductivo y productivo. Por ello, se evaluaron los principales indicadores
reproductivos y factores ambientales que afectan a vacas de los genotipos Siboney y Mambí de Cuba en una empresa
genética de la región central de Cuba.
Métodos: Se procesaron 618 registros individuales, 358 de hembras del genotipo racial Mambí, de seis rebaños y
260 del Siboney de Cuba, de cuatro unidades; entre los años 2007 y 2010. Se determinaron los intervalos partoprimer
servicio de inseminación (IPPS), intervalo parto-gestación (IPG) e intervalo parto-parto (IPP). Fueron estimados
los efectos de los diferentes factores sobre los indicadores reproductivos utilizando un modelo lineal general.
Resultados: El factor unidad influyó significativamente (P < 0,05) sobre el IPPS, IPG e IPP para ambos genotipos.
El año de parto tuvo un efecto significativo (P < 0,05) sobre el IPPS, IPP e IPG, comportándose con mejores resultados
los años 2009 y 2010. El trimestre de parto que mejor se comportó para los indicadores reproductivos evaluados,
fue el de julio-agosto-septiembre, influyendo significativamente (P < 0,05) sobre el IPP e IPG, en el Mambí de Cuba;
mientras que en el Siboney de Cuba lo hacía sobre el IPPS.
Conclusiones: Se concluye que los dos genotipos tienen marcado deterioro de los indicadores reproductivos evaluados,
influenciados significativamente por la unidad y el año y trimestre de parto.
Background: The association of trait heritability with milk production, breeding, and longevity, was thoroughly studied in the past decade. However, the efficiency of productive and reproductive performance is determined by the action of environmental factors and inappropriate husbandry. Therefore, the main reproductive indicators and environmental factors affecting cow genotypes Cuban Siboney and Cuban Mambí were evaluated at a genetic breeding company in central Cuba. Methods: The individual records of 618 females were processed between 2007 and 2010 (358 Cuban Mambí from six different herds, and 260 Cuban Siboney from four farms). The calving-first insemination service (CFIS) intervals, the calving-gestation (CG) interval, and the calving interval (CI) were determined. The effects of various factors on the reproductive indicators were estimated using a general linear model. Results: The farm factor had a significant influence (P < 0.05) on CFIS, CG, and CI in both genotypes. Calving years had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on CFIS, CG, and CI, with the best results in 2009 and 2010. The best calving quarter for reproductive indicators was the July-August-September period, with a significant influence (P < 0.05) on CFIS, CG, and CI, in Cuban Mambí, whereas Cuban Siboney influenced CFIS. Conclusions: The two genotypes showed a remarkable deterioration of the reproductive indicators evaluated, particularly influenced by farm, and calving year and quarter.
Background: The association of trait heritability with milk production, breeding, and longevity, was thoroughly studied in the past decade. However, the efficiency of productive and reproductive performance is determined by the action of environmental factors and inappropriate husbandry. Therefore, the main reproductive indicators and environmental factors affecting cow genotypes Cuban Siboney and Cuban Mambí were evaluated at a genetic breeding company in central Cuba. Methods: The individual records of 618 females were processed between 2007 and 2010 (358 Cuban Mambí from six different herds, and 260 Cuban Siboney from four farms). The calving-first insemination service (CFIS) intervals, the calving-gestation (CG) interval, and the calving interval (CI) were determined. The effects of various factors on the reproductive indicators were estimated using a general linear model. Results: The farm factor had a significant influence (P < 0.05) on CFIS, CG, and CI in both genotypes. Calving years had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on CFIS, CG, and CI, with the best results in 2009 and 2010. The best calving quarter for reproductive indicators was the July-August-September period, with a significant influence (P < 0.05) on CFIS, CG, and CI, in Cuban Mambí, whereas Cuban Siboney influenced CFIS. Conclusions: The two genotypes showed a remarkable deterioration of the reproductive indicators evaluated, particularly influenced by farm, and calving year and quarter.
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Palabras clave
Bovinos Lecheros, Comportamiento Reproductivo, Anestro, Repetición de Servicios, Eficiencia Reproductiva, Dairy Bovines, Reproductive Performance, Reproductive Efficiency