Impacto ambiental provocado por efluentes de instalaciones de biogás de pequeña y mediana escala en las provincias de la región central de Cuba
Fecha
2016-07-05
Autores
Francesena López, Yosiel
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Central ¨Marta Abreu¨ de Las Villas. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícola
Resumen
El trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de determinar las propiedades de los
efluentes (digestatos) como biofertilizantes; así como la posibilidad de la
descontaminación de los mismos. Los efluentes fueron tomados, en tres
digestores anaerobios de cúpula fija ubicados en la región central del país.
Para llevar a cabo esta investigación se determinaron los siguientes
aspectos: las características físico-químicas y microbiológicas de los
afluentes y efluentes, el estudio de diferentes cargas contaminantes, la
utilización de filtros secundarios y terciarios (biofiltros); así como su efecto
como biofertilizante, en dependencia de diferentes grados de dilución en
agua (50, 75 y 90%).Como conclusiones se arriban a los siguientes criterios:
la carga microbiana puede ser reducida utilizando filtros secundarios y
terciarios (<1000 NMP/100 mL). El análisis de los efluentes como
bioestimulantes mostró un efecto positivo cuando los mismos son diluidos
en un 90% con agua (80 % germinación).La remoción de DQO, mostro
efectos positivos cuando se aplican filtros secundarios y terciarios (8 -
69,69%), sin embargo en algunos casos aun no cumple con la norma
cubana de vertimientos NC-27.1999.
The work was carried out with the objective of determining the properties of the effluents (digestate) as biofertilizer; as well as the possibility of the decontamination of the same ones. The effluents were taken, in three anaerobic digesters of fixed dome located in the central region of Cuba. To carry out this investigation the following aspects were determined: the physical-chemical and microbiologicalcharacteristics of the influents and effluents, the study of different loads pollutants, the use of secondary and third filters (bio-filters); as well as their effect like biofertilizers, in dependence of different degrees of water dilution (50, 75 and 90%). As summations it arrives to the following approaches: the microbial load can be reduced using secondary and third filters (<1000 NMP/100 mL). The analysis of the effluents like bio-stimulates showed a positive effect when the same ones are diluted in 90% with water (80% germination). The removal of DQO, showed positive effects when secondary and third filters are applied (8 - 69, 69%), however in some cases not yet fulfills the Cuban norm NC-27.1999.
The work was carried out with the objective of determining the properties of the effluents (digestate) as biofertilizer; as well as the possibility of the decontamination of the same ones. The effluents were taken, in three anaerobic digesters of fixed dome located in the central region of Cuba. To carry out this investigation the following aspects were determined: the physical-chemical and microbiologicalcharacteristics of the influents and effluents, the study of different loads pollutants, the use of secondary and third filters (bio-filters); as well as their effect like biofertilizers, in dependence of different degrees of water dilution (50, 75 and 90%). As summations it arrives to the following approaches: the microbial load can be reduced using secondary and third filters (<1000 NMP/100 mL). The analysis of the effluents like bio-stimulates showed a positive effect when the same ones are diluted in 90% with water (80% germination). The removal of DQO, showed positive effects when secondary and third filters are applied (8 - 69, 69%), however in some cases not yet fulfills the Cuban norm NC-27.1999.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Biogás, Biodigestores, Efluentes