Análisis multicriterio para la gestión integral de los residuos de construcción y demolición en Villa Clara
Fecha
2019-06-25
Autores
Jiménez Martínez, Adriana
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de las Villas. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Departamento de Economía
Resumen
La investigación consiste en aplicar la herramienta del análisis multicriterio para la gestión integral de los Residuos de Construcción y Demolición (RCD) en Villa Clara. Para ello se abordan aspectos conceptuales relacionados con los RCD, su clasificación, aplicaciones, la gestión integral, así como el proceso de toma de decisiones y el Análisis Multicriterio. Se realiza un diagnóstico sobre la situación actual de este tipo de residuos en la provincia de Villa Clara teniendo en cuenta el estado del fondo habitacional, las inversiones, la producción de áridos naturales, la demanda de materiales de la construcción y la generación de RCD por las entidades pertenecientes al sector de la construcción y los núcleos domiciliarios. Por último, se emplea el Análisis Multicriterio para la toma de decisiones en específico los métodos discretos de Ponderación Lineal y Proceso Analítico Jerárquico, los que se aplicaron al Municipio de Santa Clara por ser el que posee los mayores volúmenes de RCD y no contar con la tecnología para la trituración de este tipo de residuos. El primer método permitió contrastar alternativas frente a criterios. La alternativa seleccionada fue ampliar capacidad productiva a través de la compra de una planta de reciclaje. El segundo método determina el orden de prioridad de los criterios y las alternativas para seleccionar tres posibles tecnologías, predominando el criterio de capacidad productiva y la alternativa de la tecnología estacionaria. La decisión a tomar es ampliar la capacidad productiva a través de la compra de la planta estacionaria con capacidad de 15 t/h.
This research consists of applying the multicriterial analysis tool for the integral management of Construction and Demolition Waste (RCD) in Villa Clara. Studying conceptual aspects related to the RCD, its classification, applications, integral management as well as the decision-making process and the Multicriterial Analysis. It has made a diagnosis on the current situation of this type of waste in the province of Villa Clara taking into account the state of the housing stock, investments, and the production of natural aggregates, the demand for construction materials and the generation of RCD by the entities belonging to the construction sector and the residential nuclei. Finally, Multicriterial Analysis is used for decision-making in specific discrete methods of Linear Weighting and Analytical Hierarchy Process, which were applied to the Municipality of Santa Clara for being the one with the highest RCD volumes and not having the technology for the crushing of this type of waste. The first method allowed to contrast alternatives against criteria. The alternative selected was to expand production capacity through the purchase of a recycling plant. The second method determines the order of priority of the criteria and the alternatives to select three possible technologies, predominating the criterion of productive capacity and the alternative of stationary technology. The decision is to expand the productive capacity through the purchase of the stationary plant with a capacity of 15 t/h.
This research consists of applying the multicriterial analysis tool for the integral management of Construction and Demolition Waste (RCD) in Villa Clara. Studying conceptual aspects related to the RCD, its classification, applications, integral management as well as the decision-making process and the Multicriterial Analysis. It has made a diagnosis on the current situation of this type of waste in the province of Villa Clara taking into account the state of the housing stock, investments, and the production of natural aggregates, the demand for construction materials and the generation of RCD by the entities belonging to the construction sector and the residential nuclei. Finally, Multicriterial Analysis is used for decision-making in specific discrete methods of Linear Weighting and Analytical Hierarchy Process, which were applied to the Municipality of Santa Clara for being the one with the highest RCD volumes and not having the technology for the crushing of this type of waste. The first method allowed to contrast alternatives against criteria. The alternative selected was to expand production capacity through the purchase of a recycling plant. The second method determines the order of priority of the criteria and the alternatives to select three possible technologies, predominating the criterion of productive capacity and the alternative of stationary technology. The decision is to expand the productive capacity through the purchase of the stationary plant with a capacity of 15 t/h.
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Palabras clave
Análisis Multicriterio, Ponderación Lineal, Proceso Analítico Jerárquico, Diagnóstico