La modificación de la conducta de los escolares con diagnóstico de retraso mental leve
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Autores
Martínez Riverón, Laura de la Caridad
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Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Facultad de Educación Infantil. Departamento de Educación Especial.
Resumen
La investigación parte de una concepción optimista en el abordaje del retraso mental y la
prevención de un trastorno afectivo conductual, se valora considerando el papel
protagónico de la escuela, tomando como referente obligado el fundamento histórico
cultural. Reconoce la vigencia de estos postulados que promueven la necesidad de
brindar las mismas posibilidades de educación y desarrollo a todos los niños, con carácter
optimista y atendiendo a sus fortalezas y desde esa posición realiza una sistematización
de los fundamentos teórico metodológico que sobre la modificación de la conducta existen
actualmente. Ello permite a la autora realizar una serie de generalizaciones acerca de la
educación de estos escolares en su relación con la conducta y proponer un sistema de
actividades encaminado a la modificación de la conducta de los escolares con diagnóstico
de retraso mental leve. El trabajo se estructura en introducción, desarrollo y conclusiones
y propone un sistema de actividades cuidadosamente planificado con actividades
novedoso con un enfoque lúdico, preventivo y que a su vez está en relación con el
contexto sociocultural en que viven los escolares teniendo en cuenta las fortalezas que la
muestra presenta. Los principales resultados obtenidos en los escolares, con la aplicación
del sistema de actividades propuesto estan: en la modificación de sus relaciones
interpersonales, el compañerismo, son menos agresivos y más respetuosos, hablan con
un lenguaje más adecuados a partir de las normas de la sociedad. De manera general
todas las dificultades de la conducta disminuyeron en cuanto a frecuencia, intensidad y
profundidad
The research takes part from an optimistic conception in the approach of the mental retardation and the prevention of a behavioral affective disorder, it is valued considering the leading role of the school, taking into consideration the reference of the historical cultural foundation. It recognizes the validity of these postulates that promote the need to offer the same possibilities of education and development to all children, with an optimistic character and paying attention to children´s strengths and from that position a systematization of the theoretical methodological foundations is done, based on the currently modification of the Behavior. This allows the author to make a series of generalizations about the education of these students in their relationship with behavior so, the author proposes a system of activities aimed at modifying the behavior of school children with a diagnosis of slight mental retardation. The work is structured in introduction, development and conclusions and proposes a system of activities with a ludic approach and which in turn is related to the socio-cultural context in which students live taking into account the strengths that the sample presents. When evaluating the results obtained after applying the system of activities, it was possible to verify that the students had modified their behavior, the interpersonal relationships, as well as the companionship. In terms of aggressiveness and respect, a breakthrough was achieved, only a schoolboy shows even deficiencies in these aspects. Regarding obscene language, a modification was also observed, and in terms of frequency, intensity and depth, the decrease in these aspects was positively highlighted
The research takes part from an optimistic conception in the approach of the mental retardation and the prevention of a behavioral affective disorder, it is valued considering the leading role of the school, taking into consideration the reference of the historical cultural foundation. It recognizes the validity of these postulates that promote the need to offer the same possibilities of education and development to all children, with an optimistic character and paying attention to children´s strengths and from that position a systematization of the theoretical methodological foundations is done, based on the currently modification of the Behavior. This allows the author to make a series of generalizations about the education of these students in their relationship with behavior so, the author proposes a system of activities aimed at modifying the behavior of school children with a diagnosis of slight mental retardation. The work is structured in introduction, development and conclusions and proposes a system of activities with a ludic approach and which in turn is related to the socio-cultural context in which students live taking into account the strengths that the sample presents. When evaluating the results obtained after applying the system of activities, it was possible to verify that the students had modified their behavior, the interpersonal relationships, as well as the companionship. In terms of aggressiveness and respect, a breakthrough was achieved, only a schoolboy shows even deficiencies in these aspects. Regarding obscene language, a modification was also observed, and in terms of frequency, intensity and depth, the decrease in these aspects was positively highlighted