Caracterización dela percepción del bienestar psicológico en los estudiantes universitarios de nuevo ingreso.
Fecha
2011-05-15
Autores
Cádenas Oliva, Danay
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas
Resumen
La presente investigación se realizó con el objetivo de caracterizar el bienestar
psicológico en estudiantes de primer año de diferentes carreras en la Universidad
Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas. La muestra estuvo integrada por 370 estudiantes.
Se aplicaron las técnicas: Entrevista Semiestructurada, Autorreporte Vivencial,
Bienestar Subjetivo, Cuestionario sobre Estado de Salud General, Cuestionario sobre
Bienestar Psicológico en Adolescentes y Jóvenes (BIEPS-J de Casullo), Cuestionario
sobre Fuentes de Estrés Académico y Cuestionario sobre Necesidades
Psicoeducativas.
Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados de forma cuantitativa aún cuando se
ofrecieron valoraciones cualitativas. En la valoración estadístico matemática se
emplearon programas contenidos en el SPSS/PC versión 11.5 para Windows.
Se obtuvo que el bienestar psicológico en esta muestra se caracteriza por presentar
niveles muy bajos existiendo un predominio de emociones positivas, destacándose
entre otros aspectos el control de situaciones, los vínculos psicosociales y los proyectos personales, viéndose más afectado la aceptación de sí mismo. Los
principales estresores identificados fueron la realización de exámenes, la sobrecarga académica y la exposición de temas en clases, reconociendo además como necesidades la formación en técnicas y habilidades para manejar la ansiedad y el estrés así como el recibir una adecuada orientación profesional.
Se ofrecen conclusiones y recomendaciones que pueden resultar de valor teóricopráctico para el desarrollo de futuras investigaciones y para ofrecer una atención más efectiva a los estudiantes dentro del contexto universitario.
The present investigation was carried out with the objective of characterizing the psychological well-being in first year students at the Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. The sample was integrated by 370 students. The following techniques were applied: Semistructure interview, Living self-report interviews, Subjective Well-being, Questionnaire on the State of General Health, Questionnaire about Psychological Well-being in Adolescents and Youth (BIEPS-J of Casullo), Questionnaire about the source of Academic Stress and Questionnaire related to Psychoeducative Necessities. The data obtained was analyzed in a quantitatively even when they offered qualitative valuations. In the mathematical statistical valuation programs used in the SPSS/PC version 11.5 for Windows were utilized. Results show that the psychological well-being in this sample is characterized to present very low levels existing a prevalence of positive emotions, standing out among other aspects is the control of situations, psychosocial links and personal projects and being seen more affected was the acceptance of self. The main identified stressors was the realization of an exam, the academic overload and the exhibition of topics in classes, also recognizing as necessities was the formation in techniques and abilities to manage anxiety and stress as well as receiving an appropriate professional orientation. Conclusions and recommendations that can be of theoretical-practical value for the development of future investigations and to offer more effective attention to the students inside the university context are offered at the end of this investigation.
The present investigation was carried out with the objective of characterizing the psychological well-being in first year students at the Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. The sample was integrated by 370 students. The following techniques were applied: Semistructure interview, Living self-report interviews, Subjective Well-being, Questionnaire on the State of General Health, Questionnaire about Psychological Well-being in Adolescents and Youth (BIEPS-J of Casullo), Questionnaire about the source of Academic Stress and Questionnaire related to Psychoeducative Necessities. The data obtained was analyzed in a quantitatively even when they offered qualitative valuations. In the mathematical statistical valuation programs used in the SPSS/PC version 11.5 for Windows were utilized. Results show that the psychological well-being in this sample is characterized to present very low levels existing a prevalence of positive emotions, standing out among other aspects is the control of situations, psychosocial links and personal projects and being seen more affected was the acceptance of self. The main identified stressors was the realization of an exam, the academic overload and the exhibition of topics in classes, also recognizing as necessities was the formation in techniques and abilities to manage anxiety and stress as well as receiving an appropriate professional orientation. Conclusions and recommendations that can be of theoretical-practical value for the development of future investigations and to offer more effective attention to the students inside the university context are offered at the end of this investigation.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Bienestar Psicológico, Estudiantes Universitarios, Percepción de Salud, Estrés Académico, Necesidades Psicoeducativas, University Students, Academic Stress, Perception of Health, Psychoeducative Necessities, Psychological Well-being