Propuesta de una Planta Piloto para la obtención de quitosano por vía química a partir de los residuos de langosta Panulirus argus
Fecha
2018
Autores
Morgado León, Fabiany de Jesús
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Facultad de Química Farmacia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
La industria procesadora de mariscos (camarón, langosta, cangrejo, entre otros) es altamente generadora de desechos sólidos (exoesqueletos y cabezas) que contaminan el medio ambiente y se convierten en una carga económica para las mismas. Estos residuos son portadores de sustancias que tienen un alto valor agregado como son: minerales, proteínas, pigmentos y quitina, así como su derivado principal, el quitosano. La transformación de estos residuos se puede realizar mediante tratamientos biológicos, químicos o la combinación de ellos, en dependencia de la aplicación y la industria a la que esté destinado el producto final. El trabajo tuvo como propósito el diseño de una planta piloto para la obtención de quitosano por vía química a partir de residuos de langostas (Panulirus argus) provenientes de la EPICAI. Para dar solución a esto, se analizaron diversas tecnologías de producción y mediante la definición de las principales etapas para la obtención de este compuesto, se propuso la tecnología más apropiada para su producción en Cuba, condicionada a la disponibilidad de materias primas y los suministros del proceso. Además, se realizó el diseño y dimensionamiento de los equipos, así como una propuesta de solución ambiental para los residuales del proceso. Se efectuó el estudio de prefactibilidad del proyecto con el cálculo de los costos y los indicadores dinámicos, arrojando excelentes resultados con un VAN de $224 883,85, una TIR de 33% y un PRD de 2,4 años.
Palabras claves: quitina, quitosano, planta piloto, equipos, prefactibilidad económica.
The shellfish processing industry (shrimp, lobster, crab, etc.) is a highly efficient source of solid waste (exoskeletons and heads) that pollute the environment and become an economic burden for them. These residues are carriers of substances that have a high added value such as: minerals, proteins, pigments and chitin, as well as its main derivative, chitosan. The transformation of these wastes can be done through biological, chemical or combination treatments, depending on the application and the industry to which the final product is destined. The purpose of the work was the design of a pilot plant to obtain chemical chitosan from lobster waste (Panulirus argus) from the EPICAI. To solve this, several production technologies were analyzed and by defining the main stages for obtaining this compound, the most appropriate technology for its production in Cuba was proposed, conditioned to the availability of raw materials and supplies of the process. In addition, the design and dimensioning of the equipment was carried out, as well as a proposal for an environmental solution for the residuals of the process. The pre-feasibility study of the project was carried out with the calculation of costs and dynamic indicators, yielding excellent results with a NPV of $ 224,883.85, a TIR of 33% and a PRD of 2.4 years. Key words: chitin, chitosan, pilot plant, equipment, economic prefeasibility
The shellfish processing industry (shrimp, lobster, crab, etc.) is a highly efficient source of solid waste (exoskeletons and heads) that pollute the environment and become an economic burden for them. These residues are carriers of substances that have a high added value such as: minerals, proteins, pigments and chitin, as well as its main derivative, chitosan. The transformation of these wastes can be done through biological, chemical or combination treatments, depending on the application and the industry to which the final product is destined. The purpose of the work was the design of a pilot plant to obtain chemical chitosan from lobster waste (Panulirus argus) from the EPICAI. To solve this, several production technologies were analyzed and by defining the main stages for obtaining this compound, the most appropriate technology for its production in Cuba was proposed, conditioned to the availability of raw materials and supplies of the process. In addition, the design and dimensioning of the equipment was carried out, as well as a proposal for an environmental solution for the residuals of the process. The pre-feasibility study of the project was carried out with the calculation of costs and dynamic indicators, yielding excellent results with a NPV of $ 224,883.85, a TIR of 33% and a PRD of 2.4 years. Key words: chitin, chitosan, pilot plant, equipment, economic prefeasibility
Descripción
Palabras clave
Quitina, Quitosano, Planta Piloto, Equipos, Prefactibilidad Económica, Medio Ambiente, Industria Alimenticia, Industria Pesquera