Evaluación de alimentos fibrosos tropicales para la alimentación de cerdos en crecimiento en Nicaragua
Fecha
2012-07-08
Autores
Artiles Ortega, Einar
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
La crianza de cerdos y aves en Nicaragua es importante para la nutrición familiar y el
ingreso de los granjeros propietarios de minifundios. Su principal limitante es la
escasez de alimentos de alto valor nutritivo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el
valor nutritivo del forraje fresco y conservado (ensilaje) de tres leguminosas [Vigna
unguiculata CIAT 4555 (CF y CE), Lablab purpureus CIAT 22759 (LE) y Cajanus
cajan (GF y GE)], y el efecto que ejerce la inclusión de ellas en un 25% de la dieta
base (50% base seca (BS) semolina de arroz y 50% BS harina de sorgo) sobre el
comportamiento bio-productivo de cerdos en crecimiento. El experimento fue
realizado durante dos ciclos de ceba (35 días cada uno) con 7 días de adaptación.
Se emplearon 36 cerdos machos castrados (Yorkshire x Landrace y Yorkshire x
Landrace x Duroc) en un diseño completamente aleatorio. Se emplearon las
siguientes dietas: control (dieta base) y cinco tratamientos que sustituyeron el 25%
(BS) de la dieta base por CF, CE, LE, GF o GE. El promedio de edad y peso al inicio
del experimento fue de 97.5 días y 24.2 kg, respectivamente. La oferta de alimento
fue basada en un consumo de 90 g MS/kg PV0.75/d (40 g MS/kg PV), midiéndose
diariamente el consumo, la ganancia media diaria y la conversión alimenticia. Los
cerdos alimentados con CF, CE y LE mostraron un mayor consumo (42.0, 41.9 y
30.5 g MS/kg PV0.75/d, respectivamente), y los mayores valores alcanzados de
ganancia media diaria fueron con CE y LE (159.5 y 152.4 g/d). Los mejores resultados en cuanto a la conversión alimentaria fueron obtenidos por el CE y el LE
(4.44 y 4.24 kg consumido/kg PV aumentado). Se observó un incremento de un 20 y
un 25% en la ganancia media diaria y la conversión alimenticia, respectivamente, al
comparar el forraje fresco con los ensilajes, especialmente el de Vigna unguiculata.
Los ensilajes de Vigna unguiculata y Lablab purpureus demostraron ser opciones
promisorias para mejorar las producciones de los pequeños productores
nicaragüenses.
Swine and poultry production are important in Nicaragua for the family nutrition and the incomes of smallholder farmers. The main obstacle is the shortage of foods of high nutritious value. This work was undertaken to evaluate the nutritious value of fresh and conserved forage (silage) of three leguminous [Vigna unguiculata CIAT 4555 (CF and CE), Lablab purpureus CIAT 22759 (LE) and Cajanus cajan (GF and GE)], and the effect of their inclusion in 25% of the basic diet (50% semolina of rice and 50% sorghum meal) on the bio-productive performance of growing pigs. The experiment was carried out during two cycles of feeds (35 days each one) with 7 days of adaptation. 36 castrated male pigs were used (Yorkshire x Landrace and Yorkshire x Landrace x Duroc) in a totally random design. The diets were offered as follow: control (basic diet) and five treatments which were replaced the 25% of the basic diet by CF, CE, LE, GF or GE. The average age and weight at the beginning of the experiment were 97.5 days and 24.2 kg, respectively. The food offered was based on a consumption of 90 g DM/kg PV0.75/d (40 g DM/kg PV), and was measured the intake, the daily weight gain and the daily alimentary conversion. Pigs fed with CF, CE and LE showed the highest consumption (42.0, 41.9 and 30.5 g DM/kg PV0.75/d, respectively), and the highest values of daily weight gain were reached with CE and LE (159.5 and 152.4 g/d). The best results regarding the alimentary conversion were obtained with CE and LE (4.44 and 4.24 kg consumed/kg increased BW). Also, was observed an increment of 20 and 25% in the daily weight gain and the alimentary conversion, respectively, when comparing the fresh forage with the silages, especially in the case of Vigna unguiculata. Silages from Vigna unguiculata and Lablab purpureus constitute promissory options to improve the pig’s productions of Nicaraguan smallholder farmers.
Swine and poultry production are important in Nicaragua for the family nutrition and the incomes of smallholder farmers. The main obstacle is the shortage of foods of high nutritious value. This work was undertaken to evaluate the nutritious value of fresh and conserved forage (silage) of three leguminous [Vigna unguiculata CIAT 4555 (CF and CE), Lablab purpureus CIAT 22759 (LE) and Cajanus cajan (GF and GE)], and the effect of their inclusion in 25% of the basic diet (50% semolina of rice and 50% sorghum meal) on the bio-productive performance of growing pigs. The experiment was carried out during two cycles of feeds (35 days each one) with 7 days of adaptation. 36 castrated male pigs were used (Yorkshire x Landrace and Yorkshire x Landrace x Duroc) in a totally random design. The diets were offered as follow: control (basic diet) and five treatments which were replaced the 25% of the basic diet by CF, CE, LE, GF or GE. The average age and weight at the beginning of the experiment were 97.5 days and 24.2 kg, respectively. The food offered was based on a consumption of 90 g DM/kg PV0.75/d (40 g DM/kg PV), and was measured the intake, the daily weight gain and the daily alimentary conversion. Pigs fed with CF, CE and LE showed the highest consumption (42.0, 41.9 and 30.5 g DM/kg PV0.75/d, respectively), and the highest values of daily weight gain were reached with CE and LE (159.5 and 152.4 g/d). The best results regarding the alimentary conversion were obtained with CE and LE (4.44 and 4.24 kg consumed/kg increased BW). Also, was observed an increment of 20 and 25% in the daily weight gain and the alimentary conversion, respectively, when comparing the fresh forage with the silages, especially in the case of Vigna unguiculata. Silages from Vigna unguiculata and Lablab purpureus constitute promissory options to improve the pig’s productions of Nicaraguan smallholder farmers.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Centroamérica, Consumo, Forraje de Leguminosas, Ganancia de Peso, Ensilaje