Propuestas de indicadores medioambientales y medidas de producción más limpias en la recapadora de neumáticos David Díaz Guadarrama de Santa Clara
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Fecha
2007-06-25
Autores
Maturell Rodriguez, Liusmar
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Editor
Universidad Cetral "Marta Abreu " de Las Villas
Resumen
El presente trabajo está relacionado con la temática medioambiental referido al
proceso de recape de neumático, con fin de determinar los indicadores
medioambientales y proponer medidas de producciones más limpias que permitan
trazar estrategias para disminuir la generación de residuos y consumo ineficiente de
energía fundamentalmente de combustibles fósiles no renovables cuya
implementación prevee que mejore el desempeño de la recapadora de neumáticos
David Díaz Guadarrama, la cual es el objeto de estudio.
En el mismo se elaboran todos los procedimientos y métodos de cálculos y
experimentales que permitan la determinación de los indicadores, dentro de los cuales
se encuentra el análisis energético y exergético, los balances de materiales y las
mediciones experimentales.
Los resultados obtenidos muestran parámetros e indicadores fuera de los valores
establecidos por normas y otras fuentes bibliográficas, tal es el caso de los residuales
sólidos, la DQO, DBO5, grasas e hidrocarburos en los efluentes líquidos con valores
fuera de la NC 27:99 y valores elevados de pérdidas de exergía y energía como son
las prensas industriales, las tuberías con problemas de aislamiento térmico y por
concepto de irreversibilidades en la válvula reductora. También se realiza la
comparación de dos alternativas de homogenización de residuos sólidos, por
trituración mecánica y por trituración criogénica siendo la primera más factible, pues se
recupera la inversión en dos años, sin embargo la segunda en tres años.
El trabajo concluye con una serie de recomendaciones que serían de gran utilidad para
la empresa en caso de que se le dieran cumplimiento.
The present work is related with the environmental thematic referred to the process of recover of tire, with end of determining the environmental indicators and propose measured of cleaner productions that allow to trace strategies in order to lessen the generation of residuals and inefficient consumption of fundamentally energy of fossil not renovable fuels whose implementation foresee that improves the acting of the David Díaz Guadarrama tire´s recoverer, which is the object of study. In the same are elaborated all the procedures and methods of calculations and experimental that they permit the determination of the indicators, within the which it meet the energy and exergy analysis, the balances of materials and the experimental mensurations. The obtained results show parameters and indicators outside of value them established for standard and other bibliographic sources, such as the case of the solids residuals, the DQO, DBO5, grease and hydrocarbons in the liquid effluents with security outside of the NC 27: 99 and elevated security from exergy and energy losses like they are the industrial presses, the piping with thermal isolation problems and for irreversibility concept in the reducer valve. It also are carried out the comparison of two homogenization alternatives of solids residuals, for mechanic crushing and for cryogenic crushing being the first more feasible, if then recover the investment in two years, however the secondary in three years. The work concludes with a series of recommendations that they would be of great utility for the company in case of that gives your execution.
The present work is related with the environmental thematic referred to the process of recover of tire, with end of determining the environmental indicators and propose measured of cleaner productions that allow to trace strategies in order to lessen the generation of residuals and inefficient consumption of fundamentally energy of fossil not renovable fuels whose implementation foresee that improves the acting of the David Díaz Guadarrama tire´s recoverer, which is the object of study. In the same are elaborated all the procedures and methods of calculations and experimental that they permit the determination of the indicators, within the which it meet the energy and exergy analysis, the balances of materials and the experimental mensurations. The obtained results show parameters and indicators outside of value them established for standard and other bibliographic sources, such as the case of the solids residuals, the DQO, DBO5, grease and hydrocarbons in the liquid effluents with security outside of the NC 27: 99 and elevated security from exergy and energy losses like they are the industrial presses, the piping with thermal isolation problems and for irreversibility concept in the reducer valve. It also are carried out the comparison of two homogenization alternatives of solids residuals, for mechanic crushing and for cryogenic crushing being the first more feasible, if then recover the investment in two years, however the secondary in three years. The work concludes with a series of recommendations that they would be of great utility for the company in case of that gives your execution.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Exergía, Impacto Ambiental, Indicadores Medioambientales, Llantas, Residuos Sólidos, Solid Waste, Tires, Recapadora "David Díaz Guadarrama", Santa Clara