Cultivo de la microalga Chlorella sp. en vinazas residuales de la producción de etanol y biogás
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Fecha
2019
Autores
Sosa Gómez, Eliani
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Editor
Universidad Central ``Marta Abreu`` de Las Villas. Facultad de Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
En la presente investigación se estudió el crecimiento de la microalga Chlorella sp. empleando vinazas procedentes de biogás y destilería como medio cultivo. Se utilizó la vinaza residual de la UEB Derivados ″Heriberto Duquesne″ la cual contiene minerales como K+, Ca2+y Mg2+ y valores de DQO y DBO5 de 98 753 y 59 251,8 mg/l para la destilería y para biogás de 25 828,6 y 15 497,1 mg/l respectivamente. Para el desarrollo experimental se propuso un diseño Placket-Bürman considerándose dos falsas variables y como reales el tipo de vinaza, tiempo, aireación, luz y concentración de vinaza, así como peso seco total y remoción de carga contaminante y minerales como parámetros finales. Los indicadores analizados para el crecimiento fueron conteo celular, densidad óptica y clorofila total. La mayor productividad fue de 4,94 g/l y se alcanzó con vinaza de destilería al 50 %, aireación, luz las 24 horas y quince días de crecimiento. Al analizar los modelos obtenidos en la producción de biomasa, la remoción de la carga contaminante y de los minerales, el tiempo y la aireación son las variables más significativas. A partir de estos resultados se propuso un esquema tecnológico utilizando 100 m3 de vinaza para obtener 1791 kg/d de biomasa. En el análisis económico la tecnología propuesta no es factible pues se recupera la inversión en siete años, la rentabilidad se alcanza si se considera como una inversión de la destilería, teniendo una TIR de un 97 % y un PRD de un año
In the present investigation the growth of the microalga Chlorella sp. using vinasses from biogas and distillery as a culture medium. The residual vinasse of the UEB Derivatives "Heriberto Duquesne" was used, which contains minerals such as K, Ca and Mg and COD and DBO5 values of 98 753 and 59251.8 mg / l for the distillery and for biogas of 25 828,5714 and 15 497.13 mg / l respectively. For the experimental development, a Placket-Bürman design was proposed considering two false variables and as real the type of vinasse, time, aeration, light and concentration of vinasse, as well as total dry weight and removal of contaminant load and minerals as final parameters. The indicators analyzed for growth were cell count, optical density and total chlorophyll. The highest productivity was 4.94 g / l and was achieved with 50% distillery vinasse, aeration, light 24 hours and fifteen days of growth. When analyzing the models obtained in the production of biomass, the removal of the pollutant load and minerals, time and aeration are the most significant variables. Based on these results, a technological scheme was proposed using 100 m3 of vinasse to obtain 1791 kg / d of biomass. In the economic analysis the proposed technology is not feasible because the investment is recovered in seven years; the profitability is reached if it is considered as an investment of the distillery, having an IRR of 97% and a PRD of one year
In the present investigation the growth of the microalga Chlorella sp. using vinasses from biogas and distillery as a culture medium. The residual vinasse of the UEB Derivatives "Heriberto Duquesne" was used, which contains minerals such as K, Ca and Mg and COD and DBO5 values of 98 753 and 59251.8 mg / l for the distillery and for biogas of 25 828,5714 and 15 497.13 mg / l respectively. For the experimental development, a Placket-Bürman design was proposed considering two false variables and as real the type of vinasse, time, aeration, light and concentration of vinasse, as well as total dry weight and removal of contaminant load and minerals as final parameters. The indicators analyzed for growth were cell count, optical density and total chlorophyll. The highest productivity was 4.94 g / l and was achieved with 50% distillery vinasse, aeration, light 24 hours and fifteen days of growth. When analyzing the models obtained in the production of biomass, the removal of the pollutant load and minerals, time and aeration are the most significant variables. Based on these results, a technological scheme was proposed using 100 m3 of vinasse to obtain 1791 kg / d of biomass. In the economic analysis the proposed technology is not feasible because the investment is recovered in seven years; the profitability is reached if it is considered as an investment of the distillery, having an IRR of 97% and a PRD of one year
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Palabras clave
Algas, Microalga Chlorella sp., UEB Derivados ′′Heriberto Duquesne′′, Industria Alcoholera, Vinazas