Estudio del cultivo intensivo de macroalgas marinas en un biorreactor de tanque agitado a escala de laboratorio
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Fecha
2012-06-25
Autores
Fernández Avilés, Yadriel
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Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
Como parte de un proyecto que tiene el objetivo de aprovechar el C02 residual generado por la
planta de Fertilizantes en Calicito, Cienfuegos, para obtener cantidades suficientes de biomasa
de algas marinas a partir del cultivo intensivo de algas en zonas aledañas a la Planta; se estudian
alternativas a escala de laboratorio para el cultivo intensivo de macroalgas que facilite el
estudio del crecimiento en agua de mar con la incorporación de nutrientes y aire.
Se propone un sistema de biorreacción a escala de laboratorio empleando un biorreactor de tanque
agitado continuo estacionario, los parámetros fundamentales que se tuvieron en cuenta fueron las
posibilidades de recirculación del agua de mar y la intensidad de iluminación solar a que está
expuesto el biorreactor.
El control del proceso se efectúa a partir de la concentración de los compuestos químicos integrantes
del agua de mar (nitratos, nitritos, fosfatos oxígeno disuelto) y la variación del la biomasa algal
generada utilizando métodos gravimétricos.
La especie de macroalga marina seleccionada es la Ulva Lactuca, característica de la bahía de
Cienfuegos y con cualidades interesante para ser utilizada en cultivo intensivo para la absorción del
dióxido de carbono. En este caso se trabajo exclusivamente con el contenido del aire natural.
Los resultados alcanzados demuestran que la mejor variante para escalar el proceso a nivel piloto, es
la variante con recirculación al 50 % del agua de mar e iluminación superficial. Se aportan datos
interesantes sobre la cinética virtual de las diferentes variantes del proceso estudiada y la evolución
del crecimiento de la Ulva Lactuca, su generación de materia seca y conversión de nutrientes en las
diferentes variantes estudiadas.
As part of a project that aims to harness the residual C02 generated by the Fertilizer Plant in Calicito, Cienfuegos, to obtain sufficient quantities of biomass of marine algae from intensive cultivation of algae in areas surrounding the plant, are studied laboratory-scale alternative to the intensive cultivation of macroalgae to facilitate the study of growth in sea water with the addition of nutrients and air. We propose a bioreaction system on a laboratory scale using a continuous stirred tank bioreactor stationary. The basic parameters that were considered were the potential for recirculation of seawater and the intensity of solar lighting is exposed to the bioreactor. Process control is effected from the concentration of chemical compounds from seawater members (nitrates, nitrites, phosphates, dissolved oxygen) and the variation of algal biomass generated using methods gravimetritos. The species of marine macroalgae Ulva Lactuca selected is characteristic of the Bay of Cienfuegos and interesting qualities for use in intensive cultivation to absorb carbon dioxide. In this case, work exclusively with the content of natural air. The results obtained show that the best variant to scale the process on a pilot basis, is the variant with 50% recirculation of seawater and surface illumination. They provide interesting data on the kinetics of the different virtual process variants studied and the evolution of the growth of Ulva Lactuca, the generation of dry matter and nutrient conversion in the different variables studied
As part of a project that aims to harness the residual C02 generated by the Fertilizer Plant in Calicito, Cienfuegos, to obtain sufficient quantities of biomass of marine algae from intensive cultivation of algae in areas surrounding the plant, are studied laboratory-scale alternative to the intensive cultivation of macroalgae to facilitate the study of growth in sea water with the addition of nutrients and air. We propose a bioreaction system on a laboratory scale using a continuous stirred tank bioreactor stationary. The basic parameters that were considered were the potential for recirculation of seawater and the intensity of solar lighting is exposed to the bioreactor. Process control is effected from the concentration of chemical compounds from seawater members (nitrates, nitrites, phosphates, dissolved oxygen) and the variation of algal biomass generated using methods gravimetritos. The species of marine macroalgae Ulva Lactuca selected is characteristic of the Bay of Cienfuegos and interesting qualities for use in intensive cultivation to absorb carbon dioxide. In this case, work exclusively with the content of natural air. The results obtained show that the best variant to scale the process on a pilot basis, is the variant with 50% recirculation of seawater and surface illumination. They provide interesting data on the kinetics of the different virtual process variants studied and the evolution of the growth of Ulva Lactuca, the generation of dry matter and nutrient conversion in the different variables studied
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Palabras clave
Fertilizantes, Cienfuegos, Algas Marinas, Compuestos Químicos