Estudio neuropsicológico en niños y adolescentes que presentan Parálisis Cerebral Infantil
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Soler Prieto, Yaneivis
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Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas
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La Parálisis Cerebral Infantil como síndrome motor no progresivo provoca frecuentemente secuelas de tipo cognitivo, considerándose como las de mayor frecuencia en estos niños. Sin embargo las mayoría de los estudios realizados basan sus investigaciones cognitivas en la obtención del coeficiente intelectual de estos sujetos, obviando lo que sucede a nivel neuropsicológico. El presente estudio pretende determinar las particularidades neuropsicológicas de niños y adolescentes que presentan Parálisis Cerebral Infantil. Se siguió una metodología cuali – cuanti a través de un estudio de casos múltiples. Se utilizó una batería de técnicas neuropsicológicas que no se habían utilizado para este fin con este tipo de pacientes, para ello se le realizaron diferentes adaptaciones. Además se utilizó la técnica matemática de análisis porcentual. Se evaluó un total de 10 niños (3 atáxicos y 7 espásticos) con edades comprendidas entre los 6 y 15 años de edad y residentes en las provincias de Camagüey (3) y Villa Clara (7). Los resultados muestran que los procesos más afectados son el pensamiento, la memoria y el desarrollo psicomotor, seguido de la atención. El más conservado es la percepción. Las afectaciones son más severas en la PCI atáxica en la que se encuentran profundamente afectados todos los procesos. El hemisferio cerebral de mayores afectaciones es el izquierdo, a la vez que las zonas de la corteza con mayores índices de posible afectación son la prefrontal, frontal, temporal, parieto – occipital y temporo – occipital. De manera general se considera que existe posible afectación en las tres unidades funcionales. Por último se ofrecen conclusiones y recomendaciones dirigidas a la implementación de los resultados en la práctica clínica y educativa con este tipo de sujetos.
Child Brain Paralysis as unproggressive motor syndrome results in frecuent knowledge-kind aftereffects been considered the most frecuent one in children. Nevertheless, the mayority of researches base their cognitive investigations in obtaining the intelligence quotient in children, not considering what happens in a neuropsychological level. The goal of the this research is to determine neuropsychological characteristics of chilren and teenagers with Child Brain Paralysis. To achieve this a cuali-cuanti methodology through a multiple case investigation was followed. The mathematical technique of percentage analysis and a set of tests was made which hadn´t been used before in this kind of patients, so different adaptations were made. The surveyed group was integrated by 10 children (3 ataxic and 7 spastics ) from Camaguey Province(3) and Villa Clara(7) aging 6 to 15 years old. The results point out that the most affected processes are thought, memory and psichomotor development followed by attention. Perception is the most preserved one. The affectations are more severe in Ataxic Child Brain Paralysis in which all processes are deeply affected. The left brain hemisphere is the most affected one, due to the fact that the cerebral cortex zones with the highest possibilities of affectations are prefrontal, frontal, temporary, parietal-occipital, and temporary-occipital. It is generaly considdere an affectation inthe three funxtional units. Lastly they offer conclusions and recommendations directed to the implementation of the results in the clinical and educational practice with this type of fellows.
Child Brain Paralysis as unproggressive motor syndrome results in frecuent knowledge-kind aftereffects been considered the most frecuent one in children. Nevertheless, the mayority of researches base their cognitive investigations in obtaining the intelligence quotient in children, not considering what happens in a neuropsychological level. The goal of the this research is to determine neuropsychological characteristics of chilren and teenagers with Child Brain Paralysis. To achieve this a cuali-cuanti methodology through a multiple case investigation was followed. The mathematical technique of percentage analysis and a set of tests was made which hadn´t been used before in this kind of patients, so different adaptations were made. The surveyed group was integrated by 10 children (3 ataxic and 7 spastics ) from Camaguey Province(3) and Villa Clara(7) aging 6 to 15 years old. The results point out that the most affected processes are thought, memory and psichomotor development followed by attention. Perception is the most preserved one. The affectations are more severe in Ataxic Child Brain Paralysis in which all processes are deeply affected. The left brain hemisphere is the most affected one, due to the fact that the cerebral cortex zones with the highest possibilities of affectations are prefrontal, frontal, temporary, parietal-occipital, and temporary-occipital. It is generaly considdere an affectation inthe three funxtional units. Lastly they offer conclusions and recommendations directed to the implementation of the results in the clinical and educational practice with this type of fellows.