Programa de acciones psicoeducativas para la educación de escolares hipertensos ante factores de riesgos de la hipertensión arterial
Fecha
2011-06-26
Autores
Cárdenas Alvarez, Leinys
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de las Villas
Resumen
La presente investigación se realizó con el objetivo de implementar un programa de acciones psicoeducativas para educar a escolares hipertensos y sus padres ante los factores de riesgo de Hipertensión Arterial, porque se ha demostrado la incidencia que tienen los mismos en el desarrollo de enfermedades cardio y cerebrovasculares. El estudio fue puesto en práctica en la institución escolar “Camilo Cienfuegos”, del municipio de Santa Clara, durante el período comprendido entre enero y mayo de 2011. De un universo de 21 escolares se seleccionó una muestra de 18 estudiantes, mediante el muestreo intencional.
Para el cumplimiento del objetivo, en la primera fase de la investigación se identificaron los factores de riesgos de HTA y las necesidades educativas, mediante instrumentos de recogida de información como la revisión de documentos oficiales, entrevistas y cuestionarios dirigidos a padres y a escolares. A partir de allí se diseñó el programa de acciones, orientado a educar ante los factores de riesgos identificados, estilos educativos y al desarrollo de habilidades de control emocional, para lo que se emplearon dinámicas grupales de presentación, activación y cierre, así como técnicas psicodramáticas, de análisis y reflexión, debates grupales, rompecabezas, títeres y actividades de desactivación psicofisiológicas.
Con la aplicación del programa se logró: incrementar los conocimientos de padres y escolares sobre la HTA, modificar hábitos alimenticios e incentivar a la práctica de ejercicios físicos. Los escolares también adquirieron habilidades de control emocional, que servirán de base para el desarrollo de la autorregulación emocional en edades posteriores.
This investigation was realized with the objective to create a program of actions psychoeducative, to educate hypertensive students and their parents about the factors of high blood pressure because it has been proved the incidence of them in the development of vascular diseases. This investigation was carried out at Camilo Cienfuegos school in Santa Clara municipality from January to May 2011. From twenty-one students, I selected eighteen for the development of this work. To fulfil the objectives, in the first phase I identified the factors of risk of hypertension and the educational necessities through checking of official documents , interviews and collection of questions for parents and students. Then the program of actions was designed to educate them about the factors of risk and the educational necessities identified in the investigation. Also lifestyle and the development of abilities for the emotional control. Because of this I made use of activities in groups as introduction, animation and close, also dramatization, analysis and reflexion, debates, puzzle, puppet and activities to obtain the emotional control. With the application of this program I obtained to increase parents and students knowledge about hypertension, modify nutritious habits and the practice of physical exercises. The students, also adquiered the abilities for emotional control which help them in the development of the emotional regulation in the future.
This investigation was realized with the objective to create a program of actions psychoeducative, to educate hypertensive students and their parents about the factors of high blood pressure because it has been proved the incidence of them in the development of vascular diseases. This investigation was carried out at Camilo Cienfuegos school in Santa Clara municipality from January to May 2011. From twenty-one students, I selected eighteen for the development of this work. To fulfil the objectives, in the first phase I identified the factors of risk of hypertension and the educational necessities through checking of official documents , interviews and collection of questions for parents and students. Then the program of actions was designed to educate them about the factors of risk and the educational necessities identified in the investigation. Also lifestyle and the development of abilities for the emotional control. Because of this I made use of activities in groups as introduction, animation and close, also dramatization, analysis and reflexion, debates, puzzle, puppet and activities to obtain the emotional control. With the application of this program I obtained to increase parents and students knowledge about hypertension, modify nutritious habits and the practice of physical exercises. The students, also adquiered the abilities for emotional control which help them in the development of the emotional regulation in the future.
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Palabras clave
Hipertensión Arterial, Factores de Riesgo, Estilos Educativos, Regulación Emocional, High Blood Pressure, Factors of Risk, Educative Style, Emotional Regulation