Evaluación prospectiva para transformar una fábrica de azúcar en biorrefinería
Fecha
2016-06
Autores
Rodríguez Plaza, Rocío
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Facultad de Química Farmacia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
El desarrollo de una biorrefinería en Cuba tiene como ejemplo base la industria azucarera, gracias a las características de sus corrientes y a las facilidades que brinda para la obtención de diferentes productos, ya sea para biocombustibles, productos de alto valor agregado y energía. Por tal motivo en el presente trabajo se consideraron esquemas que conviertan a la industria azucarera en una biorrefinería. Las alternativas incluyen, a partir de la producción de azúcar, el empleo de miel, jugo de los filtros, hidrolizado de bagazo, hidrolizado de microalgas para la obtención de etanol, y la cachaza y biomasa microalgal para producir biodiesel. La instalación de la destilería se fija para una capacidad de 500 Hl/día de alcohol a partir de 8 020,83 kg/h de miel. Al considerar las diferentes alternativas se logra una disminución en el consumo de miel como materia prima fundamental entre el 17 y el 82 %, alcanzándose un mayor ahorro utilizando el hidrolizado de microalgas. Unido a estas producciones se considera la obtención de biodiesel a partir de 109574,33 kg/día de microalgas y 368000 kg/día de cachaza, donde se obtienen como producto final 29743,36 kg y 33624,41 kg de biodiesel respectivamente. Al evaluar desde el punto de vista técnico y económico las propuestas por separado ofrecen mayor rentabilidad las alternativas de producción de alcohol de miel, miel y jugo de los filtros y miel e hidrolizado de microalgas, todas con un PRD entre 3 y 5 años, y la producción de biodiesel recupera la inversión en aproximadamente 6 años. En la integración de las propuestas se logra mayor rentabilidad en la alternativa de biodiesel y alcohol con miel y jugo de los filtros con un valor de VAN = $ 132 562 202,92, TIR = 81 % y PRD = 2,3 años, así como en las de biodiesel y alcohol con miel e hidrolizado de bagazo con jugo iónico, y biodiesel y alcohol con miel e hidrolizado de bagazo que tienen un PRD de 2,7 y 3 años respectivamente.
The development of a biorefinery in Cuba is based example the sugar industry, thanks to the characteristics of the currents and the facilities provided for obtaining different products, either for biofuels, high value-added products and energy. Therefore in the present work schemes that convert the sugar industry in a biorefinery they were considered. Alternatives include, from sugar production, the use of molasses, juice filters, bagasse hydrolyzate, hydrolyzate microalgae for the production of ethanol and mud and microalgal biomass to produce biodiesel. The installation of the distillery is set to a capacity of 500 Hl/day of ethanol from 8 020,83 kg/h of molasses. When considering different alternatives achieved a decrease in consumption of mollases as basic raw material between 17 and 82 %, achieving greater savings hydrolyzate using microalgae. Attached to these productions is considered obtaining biodiesel from 109 574,33 kg/day of microalgae and 368 000 kg/day of mud, where final product are obtaind as 29743,36 kg and 33624,41 kg of biodiesel respectively. When evaluating from the technical and economic proposals separately offer higher return alternative ethanol production, molasses and juice filters and mollases and hydrolyzed microalgae, all with RPD between 3 and 5 years, biodiesel production investment recovered in approximately 6 years. The integration of the proposed higher profitability is achieved in alternative biodiesel and ethanol with honey and juice filters with a value of NPV = $ 132 562 202,92, IRR = 81% and RPD = 2,3 years, and in the biodiesel and ethanol with honey and bagasse hydrolyzate with ionic liquid, and biodiesel and ethanol with honey and bagasse hydrolyzate having a RPD 2,7 and 3 years respectively.
The development of a biorefinery in Cuba is based example the sugar industry, thanks to the characteristics of the currents and the facilities provided for obtaining different products, either for biofuels, high value-added products and energy. Therefore in the present work schemes that convert the sugar industry in a biorefinery they were considered. Alternatives include, from sugar production, the use of molasses, juice filters, bagasse hydrolyzate, hydrolyzate microalgae for the production of ethanol and mud and microalgal biomass to produce biodiesel. The installation of the distillery is set to a capacity of 500 Hl/day of ethanol from 8 020,83 kg/h of molasses. When considering different alternatives achieved a decrease in consumption of mollases as basic raw material between 17 and 82 %, achieving greater savings hydrolyzate using microalgae. Attached to these productions is considered obtaining biodiesel from 109 574,33 kg/day of microalgae and 368 000 kg/day of mud, where final product are obtaind as 29743,36 kg and 33624,41 kg of biodiesel respectively. When evaluating from the technical and economic proposals separately offer higher return alternative ethanol production, molasses and juice filters and mollases and hydrolyzed microalgae, all with RPD between 3 and 5 years, biodiesel production investment recovered in approximately 6 years. The integration of the proposed higher profitability is achieved in alternative biodiesel and ethanol with honey and juice filters with a value of NPV = $ 132 562 202,92, IRR = 81% and RPD = 2,3 years, and in the biodiesel and ethanol with honey and bagasse hydrolyzate with ionic liquid, and biodiesel and ethanol with honey and bagasse hydrolyzate having a RPD 2,7 and 3 years respectively.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Biorrefinería, Industria Azucarera, Fuente de Biomasa