Utilización del biogás como combustible. Municipio Placetas
Fecha
2018
Autores
Cano Lujan, Leandro
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Editor
Universidad Central ‘‘Marta Abreu’’ de Las Villas. Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica e Industrial. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica
Resumen
La creciente demanda de energía a nivel mundial ha tenido como efecto una mayor demanda de combustibles fósiles lo cual ha conllevado a una búsqueda de combustibles alternativos como por ejemplo el biogás. En este trabajo se realiza un estudio bibliográfico donde se definen las características del biogás, obtención, tipos de tratamiento para mejorar sus propiedades como combustible y los principales usos de este. También se realiza un estudio teórico del comportamiento del biogás como combustible en motores de combustión interna (MCI) para su utilización en diversas ramas como la generación de electricidad y calor utilizando el motor a biogás Jenbacher J 420 o el transporte utilizando el motor del fabricante Scania OC9 G04 270. Se realiza el cálculo del ciclo de trabajo a los dos motores para así obtener todos los parámetros requeridos para su estudio en las situaciones dadas. Luego con la ayuda del software RETScren se realiza un estudio detallado donde se comprueba la disposición de biogás así como la posibilidad de generar electricidad, calor y uso de este en el sector del transporte. También se realiza un estudio sobre las mejoras económicas y medioambientales que recibiría el país con la realización de este proyecto.
The growing demand for energy worldwide has had as an effect a greater demand for fossil fuels which has led to a search for alternative fuels such as biogas. In this work a bibliographical study is carried out where the characteristics of the biogas are defined, obtaining, types of treatment to improve its properties as fuel and the main uses of this. A theoretical study of the behavior of biogas as a fuel in internal combustion engines (ICM) is also carried out for its use in various branches such as the generation of electricity and heat using the Jenbacher J 420 biogas engine or transport using the engine of the manufacturer Scania OC9 G04 270. The calculation of the work cycle is made to the two motors in order to obtain all the parameters required for their study in the given situations. Then, with the help of the RETScren software, a detailed study is carried out where the biogas disposal is checked as well as the possibility of generating electricity, heat and its use in the transport sector. A study is also carried out on the economic and environmental improvements that the country would receive with the realization of this project.
The growing demand for energy worldwide has had as an effect a greater demand for fossil fuels which has led to a search for alternative fuels such as biogas. In this work a bibliographical study is carried out where the characteristics of the biogas are defined, obtaining, types of treatment to improve its properties as fuel and the main uses of this. A theoretical study of the behavior of biogas as a fuel in internal combustion engines (ICM) is also carried out for its use in various branches such as the generation of electricity and heat using the Jenbacher J 420 biogas engine or transport using the engine of the manufacturer Scania OC9 G04 270. The calculation of the work cycle is made to the two motors in order to obtain all the parameters required for their study in the given situations. Then, with the help of the RETScren software, a detailed study is carried out where the biogas disposal is checked as well as the possibility of generating electricity, heat and its use in the transport sector. A study is also carried out on the economic and environmental improvements that the country would receive with the realization of this project.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Combustible Fósil, Biocombustible, Generación de Energía, Biogás, Biomasa