Evaluación Integral de la producción de biogás en la Finca Agropecuaria San Antonio .
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Fecha
2013-06-25
Autores
Espinosa Rodríguez, Norberto
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
En este trabajo se realiza un estudio y evaluación de la producción de biogás a pequeña
escala mediante la utilización de un biodigestor de geomembrana de PVC de 10 m3 de
volumen total instalada en la finca agropecuaria no estatal San Antonio. Se desarrolló una
búsqueda bibliográfica de otros tipos de biodigestores o biorreactores empleados a esta
escala y se aplicó una metodología de implementación al sistema tratado, demostrándose
que este cumple todos los requerimientos y se adapta a las condiciones particulares de la
granja donde está ubicada. Además se realizaron los balances de masa del proceso a
partir de su diagrama de flujo, así como el dimensionamiento y rechequeo del equipo
principal de la instalación, comprobándose la similitud de los valores obtenidos con los
reflejados por la literatura que abordan este tema. Se desarrolló una caracterización
experimental del sistema de digestión anaerobia como tratamiento para las aguas
residuales porcinas, poniéndose de manifiesto su efectividad como depuradoras de estas,
lográndose remociones superiores al 68 %. También, mediante métodos estadísticos se
lograron modelos matemáticos que determinan la influencia de algunas variables de
entrada al proceso, obtenidas en el laboratorio, con respecto a otras de salida importantes
en este proceso biológico. Posteriormente en base a los resultados obtenidos e realizaron
dos análisis costo beneficio a partir de indicadores financieros para conocer la factibilidad
económica de la planta implementada, demostrándose que para esta escala el proceso es
rentable en ambos casos, e incluso con solo la utilización del biogás producido y el ahorro
energético que este representa se justifica la inversión inicial a realizar, recuperándola en
solo un año. Se analizan todos los impactos y beneficios así como los valores funcionales,
económicos, sociales y medioambientales de la adopción de esta tecnología en la finca,
lográndose en todos los casos resultados positivos. Los resultados aquí expuestos van
más allá de la ingeniería y demuestra cuanto se puede hacer aún por salvar nuestro
planeta, bajo el principio de desarrollo sostenible y los lineamientos de la política
económica – social del último congreso de nuestro Partido.
In this work we make a study and evaluation of biogas production on a small scale using a digester PVC geomembrane 10 m3 total volume installed in the non-state agricultural farm San Antonio. A literature search was developed other types of digesters or bioreactors used at this scale and applied a methodology for implementing the treaty system, demonstrating that it meets all requirements and is tailored to the particular conditions of the farm where it is located. We also carried out mass balances of the process from its flow chart and the sizing and rechecking the main installation team, proving the similarity of the values obtained with those reflected in the literature that address this issue. He developed an experimental characterization of anaerobic digestion system as a treatment for swine wastewater, thus confirming its effectiveness as purification of these, achieving greater than 68% removal. Also be achieved using statistical mathematical models that determine the influence of certain process input variables obtained in the laboratory, with respect to other output this important biological process. Then based on the results and cost-benefit analysis conducted two from financial indicators for the economic feasibility of the plant implemented, showing that for this scale the process is profitable in both cases, and even with just the use of biogas produced and energy savings that this represents is justified to make the initial investment, recovering in just one year. We analyze all the impacts and benefits as well as the functional values, economic, social and environmental impacts of the adoption of this technology on the farm, in all cases achieving positive results. The results presented here go beyond engineering and shows how much more can be done to save our planet, under the principle of sustainable development and economic policy guidelines - social the last congress of our party
In this work we make a study and evaluation of biogas production on a small scale using a digester PVC geomembrane 10 m3 total volume installed in the non-state agricultural farm San Antonio. A literature search was developed other types of digesters or bioreactors used at this scale and applied a methodology for implementing the treaty system, demonstrating that it meets all requirements and is tailored to the particular conditions of the farm where it is located. We also carried out mass balances of the process from its flow chart and the sizing and rechecking the main installation team, proving the similarity of the values obtained with those reflected in the literature that address this issue. He developed an experimental characterization of anaerobic digestion system as a treatment for swine wastewater, thus confirming its effectiveness as purification of these, achieving greater than 68% removal. Also be achieved using statistical mathematical models that determine the influence of certain process input variables obtained in the laboratory, with respect to other output this important biological process. Then based on the results and cost-benefit analysis conducted two from financial indicators for the economic feasibility of the plant implemented, showing that for this scale the process is profitable in both cases, and even with just the use of biogas produced and energy savings that this represents is justified to make the initial investment, recovering in just one year. We analyze all the impacts and benefits as well as the functional values, economic, social and environmental impacts of the adoption of this technology on the farm, in all cases achieving positive results. The results presented here go beyond engineering and shows how much more can be done to save our planet, under the principle of sustainable development and economic policy guidelines - social the last congress of our party
Descripción
Palabras clave
Biogás, Digestores de Biogás, Biogas Digesters, Biogas, Balances de Masa y Energía, Factibilidad Económica, Desarrollo Sostenible, Sustainable Development