Alteraciones en ratas progenitoras y su descendencia en un modelo experimental de diabetes
Fecha
2018-12-06
Autores
Alvarez Montano, Alain Oneldo
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas.Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias.Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia
Resumen
La gestación diabética provoca serias consecuencias para la madre y su descendencia. La utilización de modelos animales es necesaria para el estudio de anomalías durante la gestación. El presente trabajo persiguió como objetivo determinar las consecuencias de las hiperglucemias moderadas sobre el organismo materno y su descendencia en un modelo de diabetes y gestación en ratas Wistar. La diabetes se indujo por inyección subcutánea neonatal de estreptozotocina (100mg/Kg-peso-corporal) en ratas Wistar hembras. En la adultez las ratas diabéticas y controles se aparearon. Al término de la gestación (día 20) se practicó la cesárea y sacrificio. Se separaron los cuernos uterinos y se extrajeron los fetos y placentas, que se pesaron y analizaron individualmente. Se analizaron parámetros reproductivos maternos y morfométricos feto-placentarios. Los fetos se clasificaron como pequeños, adecuados y grandes para la edad gestacional, y se examinaron buscando anomalías externas. Durante la gestación las ratas diabéticas presentaron hiperglucemias moderadas, tolerancia alterada a la glucosa y menor ganancia de peso. Al término, las madres diabéticas presentaron incremento en las reabsorciones y perdidas embrionarias antes y después de la implantación, disminución del número de cuerpos lúteos, tamaño de la camada, sitios de implantación, fetos vivos y menor eficiencia de implantación. Similarmente, la descendencia mostró dimensiones fetales, cráneo-faciales y placentarias disminuidas; y mayor proporción de fetos pequeños para la edad gestacional. La diabetes moderada provocó un impacto negativo en el rendimiento reproductivo materno y desarrollo de la descendencia. El modelo experimental reprodujo consecuencias maternas y fetales similares a la diabetes pre-gestacional humana controlada.
The diabetic gestation conduce to serious consequences for the mother and her offspring. The use of animal models is necessary to research anomalies during gestation. The aim of this study was to determine the consequences of mild hyperglycemia on maternal organism and their offspring in an experimental model of diabetes and gestation in Wistar rats. Diabetes in female Wistar rats was induced by neonatal subcutaneous injection of streptozotocin (100mg/Kg-body-weight). At adulthood, the control and diabetic group were mated. At term of pregnancy (day 20), cesarean and sacrifice were performed. Uterine horns were separated; fetuses and placentas were extracted, weighed and individually analyzed. Maternal reproductive outcomes and feto-placental morphometric measurements were analyzed. The fetuses were classified as small, appropriate, and large for pregnancy age. Presence of external anomalies was examined. During gestation, the diabetic group showed mild hyperglycemia, altered glucose tolerance, and maternal weight gain lower. At term, the diabetic mothers presented increased reabsorptions and embryonic losses before and after implantation, reduced corpora lutea number, litter size, implantation sites, live fetuses, and decreased efficiency of implantation rate. Similarly, the offspring showed reduced fetal, craniofacial, and placental dimensions, in addition to a higher proportion of small fetuses for pregnancy age. Mild diabetes led to a negative impact on maternal reproductive performance and characteristics of the offspring. This experimental model reproduced maternal and fetal outcomes similar to human controlled pre-gestational diabetes
The diabetic gestation conduce to serious consequences for the mother and her offspring. The use of animal models is necessary to research anomalies during gestation. The aim of this study was to determine the consequences of mild hyperglycemia on maternal organism and their offspring in an experimental model of diabetes and gestation in Wistar rats. Diabetes in female Wistar rats was induced by neonatal subcutaneous injection of streptozotocin (100mg/Kg-body-weight). At adulthood, the control and diabetic group were mated. At term of pregnancy (day 20), cesarean and sacrifice were performed. Uterine horns were separated; fetuses and placentas were extracted, weighed and individually analyzed. Maternal reproductive outcomes and feto-placental morphometric measurements were analyzed. The fetuses were classified as small, appropriate, and large for pregnancy age. Presence of external anomalies was examined. During gestation, the diabetic group showed mild hyperglycemia, altered glucose tolerance, and maternal weight gain lower. At term, the diabetic mothers presented increased reabsorptions and embryonic losses before and after implantation, reduced corpora lutea number, litter size, implantation sites, live fetuses, and decreased efficiency of implantation rate. Similarly, the offspring showed reduced fetal, craniofacial, and placental dimensions, in addition to a higher proportion of small fetuses for pregnancy age. Mild diabetes led to a negative impact on maternal reproductive performance and characteristics of the offspring. This experimental model reproduced maternal and fetal outcomes similar to human controlled pre-gestational diabetes
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Palabras clave
Diabetes Mellitus, Rata, Gestación, Hiperglucemia, Fetal Development, Rats.