Metodología de apoyo para la asistencia decisional en el proceso de gestión de riesgos tecnológicos
Fecha
2018
Autores
Concepción Maure, Lissette
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas
Resumen
La toma de decisiones empresariales para formular políticas de prevención, mitigación y recuperación ante accidentes tecnológicos constituye un punto crucial en la actualidad. La complejidad de los escenarios industriales está dada por la necesidad de operar procesos con estrechos márgenes de seguridad y gestionar los riesgos eminentes. En la presente investigación se elabora una metodología general y sus procedimientos específicos para la gestión de riesgos tecnológicos en empresas que operan con sustancias peligrosas. Así como un sistema de información que soporte el proceso de toma de decisiones en este ámbito. El estudio se fundamenta teóricamente en la metodología de clasificación y priorización de riesgos de accidentes graves y la Resolución 148/2013 del Citma. La aplicación informática es desarrollada usando Java como lenguaje de programación, SQLite como gestor de base de datos e Hibernate como herramienta de mapeo objeto-relacional. Para demostrar la factibilidad de la metodología es aplicada en el sector empresarial de Villa Clara y en la Empresa Comercializadora de Combustible, como caso de estudio práctico. La propuesta resuelve las insuficiencias y el alcance de los estudios precedentes, al identificar y caracterizar los procesos de peligro mayor, evaluar las consecuencias probables ante un accidente, frecuencia de ocurrencia y vulnerabilidad intrínseca del área en los distintos escenarios. La aplicación permite, el análisis comparado entre áreas de riesgo, instalaciones, rutas de distribución y territorios, a través del índice de riesgo tecnológico. También mejora la presentación y uso de la información para la toma de decisiones en la priorización de la planificación de acciones preventivas.
Making business decisions to formulate policies for prevention, mitigation and recovery from technological accidents is a crucial point at present. The complexity of the industrial scenarios is given by the need to operate processes with narrow safety margins and manage the eminent risks. In the present research are elaborated a general methodology and its specific procedures for the management of technological risks in companies that operate with dangerous substances. As well as an information system that supports the decision-making process in this area. The study is theoretically based on the methodology of classification and prioritization of serious accident risks and Resolution 148/2013 of Citma. The computer application is developed using Java as a programming language, SQLite as a database manager and Hibernate as an object-relational mapping tool. To demonstrate the feasibility of the methodology, it is applied in the business sector of Villa Clara and in the Fuel Trading Company, as a practical case study. The proposal resolves the inadequacies and scope of the preceding studies, by identifying and characterizing the major hazard processes, evaluating the probable consequences of an accident, frequency of occurrence and intrinsic vulnerability of the area in the different scenarios. The application allows the comparative analysis between risk areas, facilities, distribution routes and territories, through the technological risk index. It also improves the presentation and use of information for decision making in prioritizing the planning of preventive actions.
Making business decisions to formulate policies for prevention, mitigation and recovery from technological accidents is a crucial point at present. The complexity of the industrial scenarios is given by the need to operate processes with narrow safety margins and manage the eminent risks. In the present research are elaborated a general methodology and its specific procedures for the management of technological risks in companies that operate with dangerous substances. As well as an information system that supports the decision-making process in this area. The study is theoretically based on the methodology of classification and prioritization of serious accident risks and Resolution 148/2013 of Citma. The computer application is developed using Java as a programming language, SQLite as a database manager and Hibernate as an object-relational mapping tool. To demonstrate the feasibility of the methodology, it is applied in the business sector of Villa Clara and in the Fuel Trading Company, as a practical case study. The proposal resolves the inadequacies and scope of the preceding studies, by identifying and characterizing the major hazard processes, evaluating the probable consequences of an accident, frequency of occurrence and intrinsic vulnerability of the area in the different scenarios. The application allows the comparative analysis between risk areas, facilities, distribution routes and territories, through the technological risk index. It also improves the presentation and use of information for decision making in prioritizing the planning of preventive actions.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Metodología, Asistencia Decisional, Proceso de Gestión, Riesgos Tecnológicos, Sustancias Peligrosas