Propuesta de una metodología de evaluación de intercambiador de calor E-01-203 del proceso de reformación catalítica de la Refinería Camilo Cienfuegos. S.A
Fecha
2021
Autores
Ortolachipe Arencibia, Ana Laura
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Editor
Universidad Central ‘‘Marta Abreu’’ de Las Villas. Facultad de Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
La reformación catalítica es un proceso único en la refinación del petróleo crudo, este es un proceso endotérmico, la nafta desulfurada se mezcla con una corriente de hidrógeno de reciclo y después de ser precalentada en un banco de intercambio se lleva a cabo en varios reactores en serie entre los que hay intercalados hornos de recalentamiento, en este proceso el banco de intercambiadores juega un rol fundamental en las reacciones que después se desarrollan con tal fin, por lo que, de esta causa surgió la investigación realizada cuyo objetivo fundamental fue la evaluación del comportamiento térmico del intercambiador de calor E-01-203, del proceso reformación catalítica de la Refinería Camilo Cienfuegos. Para realizar la evaluación se utilizó el método de la diferencia de temperatura media logarítmica, con la finalidad de incrementar la eficiencia de estos equipos en conjunto. Se propuso una metodología y se determinó la temperatura de salida óptima del intercambiador, calculándose la eficiencia del equipo a las condiciones actuales y óptimas empleando la programación en Excel. Se comparó los resultados obtenidos y se obtuvo que existe deficiencia en el área de transferencia y que el factor de ensuciamiento está por encima del valor establecido. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se define la necesidad de realizar el mantenimiento del equipo para eliminar las incrustaciones que afectan su correcto funcionamiento, y se proponen alternativas para aumentar el área de transferencia y así mejorar la eficiencia del proceso.
Catalytic reforming is a unique process in the refining of crude oil, this is an endothermic process, the desulfurized naphtha is mixed with a recycle hydrogen stream and after being preheated in an exchange bench it is carried out in several reactors in series among which there are intercalated reheating furnaces, in this process the exchangers bank plays a fundamental role in the reactions that later develop for this purpose, therefore, from this cause arose the research carried out whose fundamental objective was the evaluation of the thermal behavior of the heat exchanger E-01-203, of the catalytic reforming process of the Camilo Cienfuegos Refinery. To carry out the evaluation, the logarithmic mean temperature difference method was used, in order to increase the efficiency of these equipment as a whole. A methodology was proposed and the optimum outlet temperature of the exchanger was determined, calculating the efficiency of the equipment under current and optimal conditions using Excel programming. The results obtained were compared and it was found that there is a deficiency in the transfer area and that the fouling factor is above the established value. From the results obtained, the need for maintenance of the equipment is defined to eliminate the incrustations that affect its correct operation, and alternatives are proposed to increase the transfer area and thus improve the efficiency of the process.
Catalytic reforming is a unique process in the refining of crude oil, this is an endothermic process, the desulfurized naphtha is mixed with a recycle hydrogen stream and after being preheated in an exchange bench it is carried out in several reactors in series among which there are intercalated reheating furnaces, in this process the exchangers bank plays a fundamental role in the reactions that later develop for this purpose, therefore, from this cause arose the research carried out whose fundamental objective was the evaluation of the thermal behavior of the heat exchanger E-01-203, of the catalytic reforming process of the Camilo Cienfuegos Refinery. To carry out the evaluation, the logarithmic mean temperature difference method was used, in order to increase the efficiency of these equipment as a whole. A methodology was proposed and the optimum outlet temperature of the exchanger was determined, calculating the efficiency of the equipment under current and optimal conditions using Excel programming. The results obtained were compared and it was found that there is a deficiency in the transfer area and that the fouling factor is above the established value. From the results obtained, the need for maintenance of the equipment is defined to eliminate the incrustations that affect its correct operation, and alternatives are proposed to increase the transfer area and thus improve the efficiency of the process.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Industria Petrolera, Petróleo, Refinerías de Petróleo, Proceso Tecnológico, Proceso de Reformación Catalítica