Estudio de la composición en metabolitos y de actividad hipolipemiante de especies endémicas de la provincia de Cienfuegos
Fecha
2019
Autores
Suárez Pérez, Ana Gabriel
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Central ``Marta Abreu`` de Las Villas. Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Licenciatura en Química
Resumen
La hiperlipidemia es causa de diversas patologías que pueden presentar un alto riesgo para los humanos ya que permite el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares. La necesidad de disponer de agentes activos capaces de disminuir los lípidos en plasma ha conducido a la búsqueda de nuevos compuestos, lo que ha permitido la extensión de la investigación a los productos naturales. Las saponinas esteroidales, metabolitos mayoritarios de los agaves han sido reportadas como hipolipemiantes en diferentes estudios experimentales. Teniendo en cuenta todos estos antecedentes, se decidió estudiar el comportamiento de especies de agaves en este sentido, seleccionándose inicialmente los Agave brittoniana ssp brittoniana, Agave acicularis y el Agave grisea. Se determinó cualitativamente los principales tipos de metabolitos presentes mediante la técnica de tamizaje fitoquímico evidenciándose la presencia de saponinas, cumarinas, flavonoides y alcaloides. Se establecieron condiciones experimentales para la obtención de los extractos hidroalcohólicos (42-43%) y n-butanólicos (8-10%), resultados similares con respecto al Agave brittoniana trel ya estudiado. Se evidenció la presencia de yucagenina y diosgenina como sapogeninas mayoritarias. Se evaluó la actividad hipolipemiante arrojando valores de colesterol y triacilglicéridos en sangre superiores con excepción del Agave grisea, aunque estos valores se vieron afectados por un alto por ciento de mortalidad.
The hyperlipidemia is cause of different pathologies in the populations, like as cardiovascular diseases. For that reason, the exploration of new drugs based on natural product and with hypolipemiant activity is in constant development. Specifically, steroidals saponins, majority metabolites from agaves, have been report as hypolipemiant in different experimental studies. In this context, this thesis study metabolites contained in agaves species (Agave brittoniana ssp brittoniana, Agave acicularis and Agave grisea). The principal metabolites were determined qualitatively using phytochemical screening. As result, saponins, coumarins, flavonoids and alkaloids were the most important. In addition, for obtaining hydroalcoholic (42-43%) and n-butanolic (8-10%) extracts were established the experimental conditions. Yucagenina and diosgenina were principal sapogenins. The hypolipemiant activity of n-butanolic extracts (Agave brittoniana ssp brittoniana, Agave acicularis and Agave grisea) showed levels of cholesterol and triglyceride in blood higher than the positive control, with the exception of the Agave grisea. However, the activity values were affected by a high percent of mortality.
The hyperlipidemia is cause of different pathologies in the populations, like as cardiovascular diseases. For that reason, the exploration of new drugs based on natural product and with hypolipemiant activity is in constant development. Specifically, steroidals saponins, majority metabolites from agaves, have been report as hypolipemiant in different experimental studies. In this context, this thesis study metabolites contained in agaves species (Agave brittoniana ssp brittoniana, Agave acicularis and Agave grisea). The principal metabolites were determined qualitatively using phytochemical screening. As result, saponins, coumarins, flavonoids and alkaloids were the most important. In addition, for obtaining hydroalcoholic (42-43%) and n-butanolic (8-10%) extracts were established the experimental conditions. Yucagenina and diosgenina were principal sapogenins. The hypolipemiant activity of n-butanolic extracts (Agave brittoniana ssp brittoniana, Agave acicularis and Agave grisea) showed levels of cholesterol and triglyceride in blood higher than the positive control, with the exception of the Agave grisea. However, the activity values were affected by a high percent of mortality.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Hiperlipidemias, Industria Farmacéutica, Plantas Medicinales, Agave brittoniana ssp brittoniana, Agave acicularis, Agave grisea, Agave brittoniana ssp brachypus, Estudios Fitoquímicos, Actividad Hipolipemiante