Propuesta de gestión de los residuos sólidos generados en cayo Santa María
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Clemades Méndez, Dania Luisa
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Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
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En los últimos años, con el desarrollo, la transformación del entorno y los innumerables avances científico-técnicos, han aumentado considerablemente los volúmenes de residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU). En la mayoría de los países en vías de desarrollo de América Latina, no existe una conciencia ambiental para el manejo de estos residuos, ni soluciones prácticas, económicas ni viables; que den respuesta a la problemática a corto y mediano plazo.
Cuba no esta excepta de esta realidad mundial, con el desarrollo del polo turístico, se incrementa la cantidad y composición de los residuos sólidos generados en la cayeria, afectando el entorno paisajístico del lugar, por lo que a partir del estudio del sistema de gestión actual se derivan las nuevas Propuestas de gestión de los residuos sólidos generados en el Cayo Santa María, esto implicará una considerable mejoría en las condiciones ambientales, a partir de la creación de un área ecológicamente sostenible, que disminuya la carga contaminante dispuesta en el vertedero.
A partir del diagnóstico realizado del sistema de gestión actual y atendiendo a las especificaciones del material se derivaron propuestas como: aprovechar el material biodegradable (considerado como desperdicio), para la producción de energía, utilizando los subproductos obtenidos en el proceso como fertilizantes para la agricultura, los residuos que pueden ser reutilizados en otras esferas industriales serán reciclados y comercializados, para su reingreso en la cadena productiva, logrando disminuir el impacto negativo sobre el medio Ambiente, reducir la explotación de los recursos naturales y eliminar el impacto a la salud humana que representan estos residuos al ser dispuestos inadecuadamente.
Aplicar estas propuestas de gestión a los residuos sólidos desencadenan resultados positivos ambiental, económico y socialmente, que permiten no solo minimizar la cantidad de residuos sólidos generados, también maximizan su
aprovechamiento, al emplearse en otras actividades secundarias, enriqueciendo el proceso y permitiendo obtener productos recuperados, similares a los originales, y disminuyendo la explotación de los recursos no renovables, permitiendo así ahorrar insumos, energía y disminuir la agresividad al ambiente.
In the last years, with the development, the transformation of the environment and the countless scientific advances, have increased the volumes of urban solid residuals considerably (USR). In most of the developing countries in Latin America, an environmental consciousness doesn't exist for the handling of these residuals, neither practical, economic nor viable solutions; which bring answer to the problem at a short or medium term. Cuba is not out of this world reality. With the development of the tourist pole the quantity and composition of the solid residuals generated in the north keys area is increased, affecting the environment and landscapes, that’s why from the current administration system, the new proposals of administration of the solid residuals generated in the Key Santa María is derived. This will imply a considerable improvement under the environmental conditions, starting from the creation of an area ecologically sustainable that diminishes the polluting load prepared in the drain. Starting from the diagnosis carried out by the system of current administration and taking into account the specifications of the matter proposals were derived like: to take advantage of the biodegradable matter (considered as waste), for the energy production, using the by-products obtained in the process like fertilizers for the agriculture, the residuals that can be used in other industrial spheres will be recycled and marketed, for their new entrance in the productive chain, being able to diminish the negative impact on the environment, to reduce the exploitation of the natural resources and to eliminate the impact to the human health that these residuals represent when they are put improperly. These administration proposals to the solid residuals produce positive results from the environmental, economic and social points of view. They not only allow to minimize the quantity of generated solid residuals, but they also maximize their use, as well, when they are being used in other secondary activities, enriching the process and allowing to obtain recovered products, similar to the originals, and diminishing the exploitation of the non renewable resources. In this way, it is allowed to save inputs, energy and to diminish the aggressiveness to the atmosphere.
In the last years, with the development, the transformation of the environment and the countless scientific advances, have increased the volumes of urban solid residuals considerably (USR). In most of the developing countries in Latin America, an environmental consciousness doesn't exist for the handling of these residuals, neither practical, economic nor viable solutions; which bring answer to the problem at a short or medium term. Cuba is not out of this world reality. With the development of the tourist pole the quantity and composition of the solid residuals generated in the north keys area is increased, affecting the environment and landscapes, that’s why from the current administration system, the new proposals of administration of the solid residuals generated in the Key Santa María is derived. This will imply a considerable improvement under the environmental conditions, starting from the creation of an area ecologically sustainable that diminishes the polluting load prepared in the drain. Starting from the diagnosis carried out by the system of current administration and taking into account the specifications of the matter proposals were derived like: to take advantage of the biodegradable matter (considered as waste), for the energy production, using the by-products obtained in the process like fertilizers for the agriculture, the residuals that can be used in other industrial spheres will be recycled and marketed, for their new entrance in the productive chain, being able to diminish the negative impact on the environment, to reduce the exploitation of the natural resources and to eliminate the impact to the human health that these residuals represent when they are put improperly. These administration proposals to the solid residuals produce positive results from the environmental, economic and social points of view. They not only allow to minimize the quantity of generated solid residuals, but they also maximize their use, as well, when they are being used in other secondary activities, enriching the process and allowing to obtain recovered products, similar to the originals, and diminishing the exploitation of the non renewable resources. In this way, it is allowed to save inputs, energy and to diminish the aggressiveness to the atmosphere.