Propuesta de un programa de estimulación cognitiva para adultos mayores diagnosticados con deterioro cognitivo leve.
Fecha
2011-06-25
Autores
Mejías León, Mairelys
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de las Villas
Resumen
El marcado envejecimiento poblacional que tiene lugar en el mundo actual, trae consigo un incremento de enfermedades asociadas a la edad entre ellas el Deterioro Cognitivo Leve (DCL), así como el aumento del esfuerzo de los profesionales por buscar nuevas formas de intervenir a favor de estos pacientes. De lo anterior se deriva que la presente investigación posea la intención de proponer un Programa de Estimulación Cognitiva para los adultos mayores diagnosticados con DCL, de la Casa de Abuelos #2 “Camilo Cienfuegos”, de la
ciudad de Santa Clara.
Se utilizó un diseño de investigación pre experimental, en una población de 15 adultos mayores. Se elaboró un programa de estimulación cognitiva valorado por varios especialistas mediante un cuestionario. Con vistas a comprobar la efectividad del programa se realizó una evaluación neuropsicológica mediante las técnicas: FAS, Rompecabezas del WAIS III, Dígitos del WAIS III, Cubos del WAIS III, Figuras incompletas WAIS III, Lista de palabras WAIS III y entrevista estructurada. Los resultados se analizaron a través de pruebas estadísticas como el Método del Coeficiente de Kendall.
Como resultados se diseñó y aplicó un programa de estimulación cognitiva que produjo efectos positivos en los pacientes en estudio, pues existieron mejoras en la mayoría de las funciones evaluadas después de la intervención, tal es el caso de la atención, la memoria semántica, procedimental, episódica y verbal, así como las funciones frontales.
The marked aging of the population existing world wide brings about on increase in age related diseases, among them Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and along with it the professional effects finding new ways of acting to favor these patients. It is implied from the stated before that the present investigation has the aim of designing a Cognitive Stimulation Program for the elders diagnosed with MCI belonging to “Camilo Cienfuegos” Elderly Shelter # 2 from Santa Clara city. A pre experimental research design in a population of 15 elders was carried out and by means of a questionnaire a cognitive stimulation program valued by various specialists was elaborated. To prove the effectiveness of the program, as neuropsychological assessment by means of different techniques such as FAS, WAIS III puzzle, WAIS III digits, WAIS III incomplete figures WAIS III, Word List WAIS III and structured interview. The results were analyzed thru statistical tests like Kendall Coefficient Method. As result of this investigation a cognitive stimulation program that caused positive effects on the studied patents because of the improvement in the majority of the evaluated functions after the intervention, such as attention, semantic memory, proceeding memory, episodic memory and verbal memory as well as frontal functions, was designed and applied.
The marked aging of the population existing world wide brings about on increase in age related diseases, among them Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and along with it the professional effects finding new ways of acting to favor these patients. It is implied from the stated before that the present investigation has the aim of designing a Cognitive Stimulation Program for the elders diagnosed with MCI belonging to “Camilo Cienfuegos” Elderly Shelter # 2 from Santa Clara city. A pre experimental research design in a population of 15 elders was carried out and by means of a questionnaire a cognitive stimulation program valued by various specialists was elaborated. To prove the effectiveness of the program, as neuropsychological assessment by means of different techniques such as FAS, WAIS III puzzle, WAIS III digits, WAIS III incomplete figures WAIS III, Word List WAIS III and structured interview. The results were analyzed thru statistical tests like Kendall Coefficient Method. As result of this investigation a cognitive stimulation program that caused positive effects on the studied patents because of the improvement in the majority of the evaluated functions after the intervention, such as attention, semantic memory, proceeding memory, episodic memory and verbal memory as well as frontal functions, was designed and applied.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Deterioro Cognitivo Leve, Adulto Mayor, Programa de Estimulación Cognitiva, Mild Cognitive Impairment, Elder, Cognitive Stimulation Program