Caracterización de la dinámica de afrontamiento en mujeres con cáncer de mama en intervalo libre de enfermedad
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Pino León, María Davidovna
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Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de las Villas
Resumen
La investigación se desarrolló con el objetivo de caracterizar la dinámica del proceso de afrontamiento en mujeres con cáncer de mama en intervalo libre de enfermedad, pertenecientes al Área de Salud del Policlínico Docente “Chiqui Gómez Lubián” de Santa Clara, entre los meses de febrero y mayo de 2014.
Se asumió el paradigma mixto predominantemente cuantitativo, siguiendo un diseño no experimental de tipo transversal. La investigación tiene un carácter exploratorio-descriptivo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 55 pacientes entre los 38 y 70 años de edad. Se aplicaron técnicas psicológicas como la Entrevista psicológica, la Observación, Cuestionario de Ajuste Mental al Cáncer, la Escala de Autoeficacia y el Grupo focal.
Como principales resultados se obtuvo que las principales necesidades presentes en estas mujeres estás relacionadas a las necesidades de información acerca de las dietas y ejercicios que deben realizar.
Se experimentan con mucha intensidad las vivencias de ansiedad, así como la tristeza, el sufrimiento y la inquietud, encontrándose diferencias significativas en el grado de intensidad con que experimentan estas vivencias negativas. En menor medida se experimentan las vivencias de desprecio, rechazo e ira.
Las principales estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por las pacientes en el intervalo libre de enfermedad son el Fatalismo, el Espíritu de Lucha y la Preocupación Ansiosa. El tiempo de evolución guarda relación con la estrategia de afrontamiento adoptada, funcionando como un predictor.
This investigation was developed in order to characterize the dynamic of the coping process in women with breast cancer who are in the interval free of illness and belong to the Health Area of the “Chiqui Gómez Lubián” Teaching Policlinic in Santa Clara City. The study last since February to May 2014. For this investigation, we assumed the mixed paradigm, predominantly quantitative, following a non-experimental design of transversal type. The study is exploratory-descriptive. The sample was composed by 55 patients, in ages between 38 and 70 years old. There were applied different psychological techniques as the psychological Interview, Observation, the Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale, the Scale of Self-efficacy and the Focal Group. As principal results we obtained that the main needs present in this group of women, were related to informational needs about diet and exercise they have to carry out. The anxiety, sadness, suffering and worry are experienced very intensively. Furthermore, there were found significant differences in the levels of intensity they are experienced. Experiences like disdain, rejection and rage are felt less intensively. The main strategies of coping used among the patients in the interval free of illness were the Fatalism, the Spirit of fight and the worrying eagerness. The period of evolution post-treatment keeps relation with the adopted way of coping, acting as a predictor. .
This investigation was developed in order to characterize the dynamic of the coping process in women with breast cancer who are in the interval free of illness and belong to the Health Area of the “Chiqui Gómez Lubián” Teaching Policlinic in Santa Clara City. The study last since February to May 2014. For this investigation, we assumed the mixed paradigm, predominantly quantitative, following a non-experimental design of transversal type. The study is exploratory-descriptive. The sample was composed by 55 patients, in ages between 38 and 70 years old. There were applied different psychological techniques as the psychological Interview, Observation, the Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale, the Scale of Self-efficacy and the Focal Group. As principal results we obtained that the main needs present in this group of women, were related to informational needs about diet and exercise they have to carry out. The anxiety, sadness, suffering and worry are experienced very intensively. Furthermore, there were found significant differences in the levels of intensity they are experienced. Experiences like disdain, rejection and rage are felt less intensively. The main strategies of coping used among the patients in the interval free of illness were the Fatalism, the Spirit of fight and the worrying eagerness. The period of evolution post-treatment keeps relation with the adopted way of coping, acting as a predictor. .