Estudio de la influencia de las simplificaciones por simetría al aplicar el Método de los Elementos Finitos
Fecha
2019
Autores
Hernández Hernández, Omar
Rodríguez Valdés, Julio César
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Central ‘‘Marta Abreu’’ de Las Villas. Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica e Industrial. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica
Resumen
En este trabajo se hace un estudio de la influencia de las simplificaciones en los modelos al aplicar el método de elementos finitos (MEF). Para esto se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre el método de elementos finitos, los principales tipos de simetría en este método y los softwares más usados para la simulación. Para la validación de este proyecto se utiliza un ensayo extensométrico para la medición de tensiones y deformaciones en estructuras del cual también se hace una revisión bibliográfica tratando los principales aspectos del mismo. Se fabricó una estructura con doble simetría y se instrumentó para medir tensiones y deformaciones en zonas seleccionadas. Se generó un modelo MEF de la estructura completa y se calibró a partir de las mediciones reales. Finalmente se hicieron modelos de media estructura y de un cuarto de la misma. Se midieron las tensiones y las deformaciones concluyéndose que estas simplificaciones por simetría no tienen una influencia significativa en los resultados obtenidos.
In this paper a study is made of the influence of simplifications in the models when applying the finite element method (FEM). For this, a bibliographic review was made on the method of finite elements, the main types of symmetry in this method and the most used softwares for simulation. For the validation of this project, an extensometric test is used to measure stresses and deformations in structures, from which a bibliographic review is also made, dealing with the main aspects of the same. A structure with double symmetry was manufactured and was instrumented to measure tensions and deformations in selected areas. A MEF model of the complete structure was generated and calibrated based on the actual measurements. Finally models of half structure and a quarter of it were made. Tensions and deformations were measured, concluding that these simplifications by symmetry do not have a significant influence on the results obtained.
In this paper a study is made of the influence of simplifications in the models when applying the finite element method (FEM). For this, a bibliographic review was made on the method of finite elements, the main types of symmetry in this method and the most used softwares for simulation. For the validation of this project, an extensometric test is used to measure stresses and deformations in structures, from which a bibliographic review is also made, dealing with the main aspects of the same. A structure with double symmetry was manufactured and was instrumented to measure tensions and deformations in selected areas. A MEF model of the complete structure was generated and calibrated based on the actual measurements. Finally models of half structure and a quarter of it were made. Tensions and deformations were measured, concluding that these simplifications by symmetry do not have a significant influence on the results obtained.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Método de los Elementos Finitos, Simulación de Procesos, Estructuras Simétricas, Modelos Matemáticos