Efectividad de una Guía Psicoeducativa para la preparación del cuidador principal de niños con enferrmedades oncológicas
Fecha
2013-06-26
Autores
López Lorenzo, Ladisbel
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
La investigación se realizó desde enero hasta mayo de 2013, con el objetivo de evaluar la efectividad de las guías psicoeducativas dirigidas al cuidador principal de niños con enfermedades oncológicas desde la perspectiva de los profesionales encargados de su atención y los propios usuarios. Se optó por un paradigma de investigación mixto bajo un diseño pre-experimental de pre y post prueba, con un estudio bietápico, descriptivo en la primera etapa y correlacional - explicativo, en la segunda etapa y transversal. La muestra seleccionada fue de 18 profesionales y 49 cuidadores del Hospital Pediátrico Universitario “José Luis Miranda” de Santa Clara, Instituto de Oncología y Radiobiología de La Habana (INOR) y el Hospital Infantil Docente Sur de la provincia Santiago de Cuba. Para la obtención de la información en la investigación, se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos como la observación, el cuestionario y la entrevista psicológica seguida de una Escala de Likert, estas últimas antes y después de la lectura de las guías psicoeducativas. La metodología diagnóstica se aplicó individualmente. Los resultados obtenidos se analizaron cuantitativa y cualitativamente. Se empleó el paquete estadístico SPSS para Windows y específicamente la Prueba de Chi-Cuadrado de Pearson, Prueba de los rangos con signo de Wilcoxon y Prueba de McNemar. Como principal resultado científico se obtuvo que las guías psicoeducativas resultaron efectivas para propiciar la preparación del cuidador principal de niños con enfermedades oncológicas. Por último, en las recomendaciones se ofrecen criterios relacionados con prioridades de la investigación en este campo y se sugiere la posibilidad de implementar y divulgar las mismas.
The research had made from January to May of 2013, with the principal objetive to evaluate the efectivity of a psicoedducatives guides lead to attendants with oncologic deseases always from the perspectives of a professional attendants of her attention and own usuaries. I opted by a mixt research paradigm under a pre-experimental design of a pre-experimental and post test, with a biepatic study, descriptive, in the first time and coorrelational-explicative, in the second time and transversal. By the selected show has used a 18 professional and 49 attendants of the Pediatric-Universitay Hospital "José Luis Miranda" of Sancta Clara, Institute of Oncology and a Radiobiology of Havana (INOR) and the Children South Docent Hospital from Santiago of Cuba province. To obtain the information in this research have been used some theoric and empiric methods as a observation, the cuestionary and a psicologic interview follow by a Likert´scale, the last one before and after to read the psicoeducative guide. the metodology diagnostic applied individuality. The obtained results were analized cuantitative and cualitatives in respectives process. Have been used the stadistics paquettes SPSS for Window and the Prueba of Chi Cuadrado of Pearson, Proof of ranges with sign of Wilcoxon, and McNemar´S Proof. As a principal scientific result obtained that the psicoeducatives guide are efectives to propiciate the preparation of a principal children with oncologic deseases. By last, in the recomendations offered point of view relationed with the investigations priorities in this field and suggest the posibility of implement and divulgate themselves.
The research had made from January to May of 2013, with the principal objetive to evaluate the efectivity of a psicoedducatives guides lead to attendants with oncologic deseases always from the perspectives of a professional attendants of her attention and own usuaries. I opted by a mixt research paradigm under a pre-experimental design of a pre-experimental and post test, with a biepatic study, descriptive, in the first time and coorrelational-explicative, in the second time and transversal. By the selected show has used a 18 professional and 49 attendants of the Pediatric-Universitay Hospital "José Luis Miranda" of Sancta Clara, Institute of Oncology and a Radiobiology of Havana (INOR) and the Children South Docent Hospital from Santiago of Cuba province. To obtain the information in this research have been used some theoric and empiric methods as a observation, the cuestionary and a psicologic interview follow by a Likert´scale, the last one before and after to read the psicoeducative guide. the metodology diagnostic applied individuality. The obtained results were analized cuantitative and cualitatives in respectives process. Have been used the stadistics paquettes SPSS for Window and the Prueba of Chi Cuadrado of Pearson, Proof of ranges with sign of Wilcoxon, and McNemar´S Proof. As a principal scientific result obtained that the psicoeducatives guide are efectives to propiciate the preparation of a principal children with oncologic deseases. By last, in the recomendations offered point of view relationed with the investigations priorities in this field and suggest the posibility of implement and divulgate themselves.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Guía Psicoeducativa, Cuidador Principal, Niños, Children, Psychoeducational Guide, Main Attendants, Oncological Diseases, Enfermedades - Oncológicas