Diseño óptimo económico de una planta de harina de yuca utilizando biogás como opción energética parcial
Fecha
2021
Autores
Lorenzo Rodríguez, Yunia
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Editor
Universidad Central ‘‘Marta Abreu’’ de Las Villas. Facultad de Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
El proyecto aporta a la elaboración de sustitutos alimenticios para dietas porcinas y aplica como alternativa de reducción de cargas contaminantes, emitidas por este sector, la inversión tecnológica de la planta productora de biogás a partir de excretas porcinas. Se desarrolló un procedimiento metodológico presentado con un diagrama heurístico para conducir la optimización técnico-económica, la asimilación de tecnología y el diseño de nuevas etapas en la producción de harina de yuca. El comportamiento óptimo para la variante de obtención de harina de yuca con secado en pastas se obtuvo aplicando la regresión lineal a los indicadores de rentabilidad y la Metodología de Superficie de Respuesta. Las mejores condiciones son operando a la máxima capacidad de alimentación y menor temperatura de secado. Se necesita un secador neumático con cámara de 30,42 m3 y longitud de 26,90 m para una capacidad óptima de 44,142 t/d, obteniéndose un VAN de 3 583 580 USD, TIR de 53,73% y PRD de 2,95 años. La optimización del diseño para el secado en trozos variando la humedad intermedia de los secaderos se efectuó por el Método de Fibonacci y arrojó que se necesitan dos secaderos rotatorios de 1,2 m de diámetro y 11,18 m de longitud para procesar 20 traíces/d obteniéndose un VAN de 2 610 232, 69 USD, TIR del 50% y PRD de 1,2 años. Ambas variantes utilizan una opción energética que combina la combustión del petróleo crudo cubano con 660 m3 de biogás disponibles a partir de la digestión anaerobia. Los indicadores de rentabilidad obtenidos para el secado en trozos son mejores y se alcanzan procesando menor cantidad de yuca, resultando esta la variante seleccionada.
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The project contributes to the elaboration of food substitutes for pig diets and applies as an alternative to reduce polluting loads, emitted by this sector, the technological investment of the biogas production plant from pig excreta. A methodological procedure presented with a heuristic diagram was developed to conduct the technical-economic optimization, the assimilation of technology and the design of new stages in the production of cassava flour. The optimal behavior for the variant of obtaining cassava flour with pasta drying was obtained by applying linear regression to the profitability indicators and the Response Surface Methodology. The best conditions are operating at maximum feed capacity and lower drying temperature. A pneumatic dryer with a 30.42 m3 chamber and 26.90 m length is required for an optimal capacity of 44.142 t / d, obtaining a NPV of USD 3,583,580, IRR of 53.73% and PRD of 2.95 years. The optimization of the design for the drying in pieces by varying the intermediate humidity of the dryers was carried out by the Fibonacci method and showed that two rotary dryers of 1.2 m in diameter and 11.18 m in length are needed to process 20 traces / d, obtaining a NPV of 2,610,232.69 USD, an IRR of 50% and a PRD of 1.2 years. Both variants use an energy option that combines the combustion of Cuban crude oil with 660 m3 of biogas available from anaerobic digestion. The profitability indicators obtained for the drying in pieces are better and are achieved by processing less amount of cassava, resulting in the selected variant.
The project contributes to the elaboration of food substitutes for pig diets and applies as an alternative to reduce polluting loads, emitted by this sector, the technological investment of the biogas production plant from pig excreta. A methodological procedure presented with a heuristic diagram was developed to conduct the technical-economic optimization, the assimilation of technology and the design of new stages in the production of cassava flour. The optimal behavior for the variant of obtaining cassava flour with pasta drying was obtained by applying linear regression to the profitability indicators and the Response Surface Methodology. The best conditions are operating at maximum feed capacity and lower drying temperature. A pneumatic dryer with a 30.42 m3 chamber and 26.90 m length is required for an optimal capacity of 44.142 t / d, obtaining a NPV of USD 3,583,580, IRR of 53.73% and PRD of 2.95 years. The optimization of the design for the drying in pieces by varying the intermediate humidity of the dryers was carried out by the Fibonacci method and showed that two rotary dryers of 1.2 m in diameter and 11.18 m in length are needed to process 20 traces / d, obtaining a NPV of 2,610,232.69 USD, an IRR of 50% and a PRD of 1.2 years. Both variants use an energy option that combines the combustion of Cuban crude oil with 660 m3 of biogas available from anaerobic digestion. The profitability indicators obtained for the drying in pieces are better and are achieved by processing less amount of cassava, resulting in the selected variant.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Industria de Alimentaria, Gestión Tecnológica, Inversión, Producción de Alimentos, Dietas Porcinas, Producción de Harina de Yuca