Diseño de un regulador de voltaje para grupos electrógenos y su simulación
Date
2012-06-21
Authors
Fernández Bermúdez, Luis Alberto
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Abstract
La energía eléctrica es un elemento muy importante en la vida del ser humano actual. El sorprendente desarrollo que ha logrado esta rama, y otras que dependen de ella, han regido el desarrollo de la humanidad en el pasado y presente siglo. Este tipo de energía es posible gracias a los generadores eléctricos, los cuales son movidos por diferentes tipos de fuerzas como pueden ser: la hidráulica, la térmica, la nuclear, etc. Para cada tipo de fuerza existe una máquina que transforma dicha fuerza en una fuerza mecánica giratoria y de ese modo generar electricidad. Estas máquinas necesitan sistemas de control que regulen los procesos.
Dentro de estos sistemas se encuentra el “Regulador de Voltaje Automático”, cuya función principal es asegurar que el voltaje en los terminales de salida del generador se encuentre lo más cercano posible al nominal, de manera que se garantice el correcto funcionamiento de los equipos conectados al mismo. Dada la situación económica de nuestro país existen en explotación en algunos centros, estatales y no estatales, grupos electrógenos, que no cuentan con este mecanismo de control.
El objetivo del presente trabajo de diploma es lograr el diseño y la posterior simulación de un regulador de voltaje utilizando el software “Multisim” de la National Instruments, para la aplicación del mismo en un grupo generador de 30 kVA que carece del mismo, perteneciente al Batallón de Ingenieros Zapador en la provincia Villa Clara. El tipo de investigación empleado corresponde a un proyecto factible, debido a que se desea dar solución a un problema específico como lo es el diseño y desarrollo de un sistema electrónico innovador y fiable a la vez, capaz de controlar el proceso de regulación de voltaje de la planta eléctrica en cuestión. Este proyecto se apoya en una investigación documental, partiendo de una breve reseña bibliográfica de los grupos electrógenos y los principales sistemas de regulación de voltaje que se emplean en el mundo. Es necesaria la implementación de este mecanismo de control, pues en las actuales condiciones de operación del grupo generador no se garantiza el suministro de un voltaje estable a las cargas.
Electric power is a very important element in human life today. The surprising development that has achieved this branch, and others that depend on it, have governed the humanity's development in the past and present century. This energy type is possible thanks to the electric generators, which are moved by different forces types such as: the hydraulics, the thermal one, the nuclear one, etc. For each type of force exists a machine that transforms the force into a rotary mechanical power and in that way to generate electricity. These machines require control systems that regulate the processes. Within these systems it can find the “Automatic Voltage Regulator”, whose main function is to ensure that the voltage at the output terminals of the generator is as close as possible to nominal one, so that the correct operation of equipment connected to it is guaranteed. Given the economic situation of our country are in operation in some centers, state and non-state, generators that don't have this control mechanism. The objective of the present diploma work is to achieve the design and the subsequent simulation of a voltage regulator using the software "Multisim" from National Instruments, to its application in a 30 kVA generating group that does not have one, belonging to Sapper Engineers Battalion in the Villa Clara province. The employed research type corresponds to a feasible project, because it want to give solution to a specific problem as it is the design and development of an innovative and reliable electronic system at a time, able to control the process of voltage regulation of the electric plant in question. This project is based on a documentary research, starting with a brief literature review to the main generators and voltage regulation systems used in the world. It is necessary to implement this control mechanism, because in the current conditions of operation of the generator is not guaranteed a stable voltage supply to the loads.
Electric power is a very important element in human life today. The surprising development that has achieved this branch, and others that depend on it, have governed the humanity's development in the past and present century. This energy type is possible thanks to the electric generators, which are moved by different forces types such as: the hydraulics, the thermal one, the nuclear one, etc. For each type of force exists a machine that transforms the force into a rotary mechanical power and in that way to generate electricity. These machines require control systems that regulate the processes. Within these systems it can find the “Automatic Voltage Regulator”, whose main function is to ensure that the voltage at the output terminals of the generator is as close as possible to nominal one, so that the correct operation of equipment connected to it is guaranteed. Given the economic situation of our country are in operation in some centers, state and non-state, generators that don't have this control mechanism. The objective of the present diploma work is to achieve the design and the subsequent simulation of a voltage regulator using the software "Multisim" from National Instruments, to its application in a 30 kVA generating group that does not have one, belonging to Sapper Engineers Battalion in the Villa Clara province. The employed research type corresponds to a feasible project, because it want to give solution to a specific problem as it is the design and development of an innovative and reliable electronic system at a time, able to control the process of voltage regulation of the electric plant in question. This project is based on a documentary research, starting with a brief literature review to the main generators and voltage regulation systems used in the world. It is necessary to implement this control mechanism, because in the current conditions of operation of the generator is not guaranteed a stable voltage supply to the loads.
Description
Keywords
Energía Eléctrica, Generadores Eléctricos, Simulación, Voltaje, Reguladores de Voltaje