Estudio del comportamiento de la viscosidad de mezclas combustibles con el tiempo y la temperatura de almacenamiento
Fecha
2014-07-20
Autores
Pérez González, Alejandro
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
La generación de energía es un proceso industrial que puede desarrollarse mediante el uso de fuentes renovables y no renovables; los combustibles fósiles se encuentran amenazados debido a su utilización desproporcionada e intensiva, además de provocar múltiples daños al ambiente. Por lo tanto, resulta necesario buscar alternativas sustentables y ecológicas para la generación de energía. La
utilización de combustibles de origen vegetal constituye una solución factible y sustentable. Sin embargo, al utilizar aceites vegetales, debido a una incorrecta extracción trae como consecuencia la eliminación de antioxidantes naturales disminuyendo significativamente la capacidad de las mezclas de la cual puede ser parte. Es por ello que el objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar el comportamiento
de la viscosidad de las mezclas diésel–etanol–aceite con el tiempo y la temperatura de almacenamiento. Para ello se seleccionaron tres muestras de máximo, mínimo e intermedio valor de viscosidad entre las mezclas desarrolladas por Macías en el 2014, a las cuales se le realizaron estudios en el equipo Rheotest 2.1 a diferentes temperaturas con intervalos de tiempo de 15 días para ver el comportamiento de la viscosidad, para ello nos apoyamos en la ecuación 1 de Newton. Se obtuvo como
resultado que la viscosidad de las mezclas combustibles disminuye con el aumento de la temperatura. La mezcla más estable, entre las empleadas en el estudio, fue la 14 con 5% de diésel, 60% etanol y un 35% aceite de ricinus que presentó una viscosidad promedio de 7,337cp con una variación de la viscosidad entre el valor máximo y mínimo de 0,84cp valor que no interfiere significativamente en el cambio de propiedades de la mezcla. Las mezclas seleccionadas no presentaron cambios
significativos en los primeros tres meses después de su fabricación, siendo factible su almacenamiento en períodos como el antes mencionado.
Power generation is an industrial process that can be developed through the use of renewable and non-renewable sources; fossil fuels are threatened because of their disproportionate and intensive as well as causing damage to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to seek sustainable and ecological power generation alternatives. The use of plant-based fuels is a feasible and sustainable solution. However, the use vegetable oils, due to incorrect results in the extraction, brings as consequence antioxidants elimination and a significant reduction of the capacity of the mixtures that may be part. Therefore the objective of this research is to study the behavior of the viscosity of the oil-diesel-ethanol mixtures with time and temperature of storage. This three samples of high, low and intermediate viscosity value between mixtures developed by Macias in 2014. He conducted studies in the device Rheotest 2.1. The test was made at different temperatures with time intervals of 15 days. They were selected to see the viscosity behavior, for this we rely on the Newton’s first equation. The result was that the viscosity of the fuel mixtures decreases with increasing temperature. The stable mixture, from those used in the study were, the 14 with 5% diesel, 60% ethanol and 35% ricinus oil that showed an average viscosity of 7,337 cp with a viscosity variation between the maximum value and minimum value of 0.84 cp, values that does not significantly interfere in the changes of properties of the blend. Selected mixtures showed no significant changes in the first three months after manufacture, being feasible to storage in time periods before mentioned.
Power generation is an industrial process that can be developed through the use of renewable and non-renewable sources; fossil fuels are threatened because of their disproportionate and intensive as well as causing damage to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to seek sustainable and ecological power generation alternatives. The use of plant-based fuels is a feasible and sustainable solution. However, the use vegetable oils, due to incorrect results in the extraction, brings as consequence antioxidants elimination and a significant reduction of the capacity of the mixtures that may be part. Therefore the objective of this research is to study the behavior of the viscosity of the oil-diesel-ethanol mixtures with time and temperature of storage. This three samples of high, low and intermediate viscosity value between mixtures developed by Macias in 2014. He conducted studies in the device Rheotest 2.1. The test was made at different temperatures with time intervals of 15 days. They were selected to see the viscosity behavior, for this we rely on the Newton’s first equation. The result was that the viscosity of the fuel mixtures decreases with increasing temperature. The stable mixture, from those used in the study were, the 14 with 5% diesel, 60% ethanol and 35% ricinus oil that showed an average viscosity of 7,337 cp with a viscosity variation between the maximum value and minimum value of 0.84 cp, values that does not significantly interfere in the changes of properties of the blend. Selected mixtures showed no significant changes in the first three months after manufacture, being feasible to storage in time periods before mentioned.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Almacenamiento / Temperatura, Combustibles / Mezclas, Proceso Industrial, Combustibles Fósiles, Medio Ambiente / Conservación