Evaluación de los parámetros operacionales del horno rotatorio de la Planta Experimental para la producción de cemento de bajo carbono
Fecha
2020
Autores
Concepción Maure, Lisbeth
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Universidad Central ‘‘Marta Abreu’’ de Las Villas. Facultad de Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
La Planta Experimental para la producción de cemento de bajo carbono (LC3), ubicada en la Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, es una instalación semi-industrial que tiene como misión llevar a cabo diferentes estudios a escala industrial relacionados con el desarrollo de nuevos materiales de construcción. La obtención de este nuevo tipo de conglomerante a partir de un sistema ternario de clínquer - arcilla calcinada - caliza ha sido el eje central de las investigaciones precedentes. Sin embargo, aún no existe una tecnología fehacientemente estudiada que permita obtener arcillas calcinadas a escala industrial de forma óptima. De ahí la importancia de establecer los parámetros operacionales del horno rotatorio, de modo que su interacción resulte en la obtención de adecuados materiales reactivos para la sustitución del clínquer. La presente tesis tiene como objetivo evaluar el proceso térmico de calcinación de arcilla en el horno rotatorio de la Planta Experimental para la producción de cemento de bajo carbono, analizando las distintas variables operacionales de este. Como resultado se obtuvo a partir de los flujos de alimentación actuales y el diseño de los equipos, las variables operacionales, los perfiles de temperaturas externo, interno y del material y los gases de combustión a lo largo del horno rotatorio, así como el movimiento del material dentro de este. Además, se realiza la evaluación de los modelos en condiciones de operación, validando los balances de masa y energía en el software MATLAB. También es calculada la conversión media de las partículas de arcilla caolinítica según su granulometría a partir del modelo del núcleo sin reaccionar. Finalmente, se muestran los análisis experimentales para evaluar el nivel de calcinación y reactividad puzolánica de la arcilla calcinada
The Experimental Plant for the production of low carbon cement (LC3), located at the Central University “Marta Abreu” of Las Villas, is an industrial facility whose mission is to carry out different industrial –scale studies related to development of new construction materials. Obtaining this new type of material from a ternary system of clinker – calcined clay – limestone has been the central axis of the previous investigations. However, there is still no well – studied technology that allows obtaining calcined clays on an industrial scale in an optimal way. Hence the importance of establishing the operational parameters of the rotary kiln, so that their interaction results in obtaining suitable reactive materials for the replacement of clinker. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the thermal process of calcination of clay in the rotary kiln of the Experimental Plant for the production of low carbon cement, analyzing its different operational variables. As a result, it was obtained from the current power flows and the design of the equipment, the operational variables, the external, internal and material temperature profiles and the combustion gases throughout the rotary kiln, as well as the movement of the material within it. In addition, the evaluation of the models under operating conditions is performed, validating the mass and energy balances in the MATLAB software. The average conversion of kaolinitic clay particles according to their particle size is also calculated from the unreacted core model. Finally, the experimental analyzes are shown to evaluate the level of calcination and pozzolanic reactivity of the calcined clay
The Experimental Plant for the production of low carbon cement (LC3), located at the Central University “Marta Abreu” of Las Villas, is an industrial facility whose mission is to carry out different industrial –scale studies related to development of new construction materials. Obtaining this new type of material from a ternary system of clinker – calcined clay – limestone has been the central axis of the previous investigations. However, there is still no well – studied technology that allows obtaining calcined clays on an industrial scale in an optimal way. Hence the importance of establishing the operational parameters of the rotary kiln, so that their interaction results in obtaining suitable reactive materials for the replacement of clinker. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the thermal process of calcination of clay in the rotary kiln of the Experimental Plant for the production of low carbon cement, analyzing its different operational variables. As a result, it was obtained from the current power flows and the design of the equipment, the operational variables, the external, internal and material temperature profiles and the combustion gases throughout the rotary kiln, as well as the movement of the material within it. In addition, the evaluation of the models under operating conditions is performed, validating the mass and energy balances in the MATLAB software. The average conversion of kaolinitic clay particles according to their particle size is also calculated from the unreacted core model. Finally, the experimental analyzes are shown to evaluate the level of calcination and pozzolanic reactivity of the calcined clay
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Palabras clave
Industria Cementera, Materiales Cementicios Suplementarios, Arcillas Calcinadas, Evaluación de Arcilla Calcinada, Cementos LC3