Evaluación de alternativas para deshidratación del ensilado biológico de vísceras de pescado
Fecha
2021
Autores
Mora Reguera, Laura
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Editor
Universidad Central ‘‘Marta Abreu’’ de Las Villas. Facultad de Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
La investigación se realizó en la Empresa UEB Induvilla de Villa Clara, ubicada en Santa Clara municipio de la provincia. Se basó en el diseño de una sección de la planta de ensilado a partir de vísceras de pescado de agua dulce, dicha sección va a elaborar ensilado seco, con el objetivo de sustituir importaciones, ya que este producto ha tomado un valor bastante alto en el mercado mundial. El objetivo del trabajo es evaluar las alternativas para la deshidratación del ensilado biológico de vísceras de pescado. Como resultado de esta investigación se conoció que el ensilado de pescado seco se utiliza en las dietas, en reemplazo parcial de algún insumo proteico.La temperatura del aire y el espesor de película del ensilado, así como la ubicación dentro del secador, tienen efecto significativo sobre las características del ensilado seco y sobre la cinética del proceso de secado. Los secadores solares no consumen energía eléctrica, mientras que los secadores de lecho fluizado dependen del tipo de máquina. Se seleccionó el secador de lecho fluidizado como el equipo más adecuado porque no depende de factores externos, como es el clima, por tanto no afecta la calidad del producto a obtener. Se dimensionó el secador obteniendo que la cantidad de humedad evaporada es de 0,58 kg/s, consumo de calor 1670315,9 W, consumo específico de calor 2879,855 kJ/kg humedad, consumo de gases de secado 2,07 kg/s. Se determinaron los indicadores económicos, resultando un VAN de $3 372 563,96, una de TIR 78 % y un PRD de 2,2 años.
The research was carried out at the UEB Induvilla de Villa Clara Company, located in the Santa Clara municipality of the province. It was based on the design of a section of the silage plant from freshwater fish viscera, said section will produce dry silage, with the aim of substituting imports, since this product has taken on a fairly high value in the market. World Market. The objective of the work is to evaluate the alternatives for the dehydration of the biological silage of fish viscera. As a result of this research, it was known that dried fish silage is used in diets, in partial replacement of some protein input. Air temperature and film thickness of the silage, as well as the location within the dryer, have a significant effect on the characteristics of the dry silage and on the kinetics of the drying process. Solar dryers do not consume electrical energy, whereas fluidized bed dryers depend on the type of machine. The fluidized bed dryer was selected as the most suitable equipment because it does not depend on external factors, such as the weather, therefore it does not affect the quality of the product to be obtained. The dryer was sized obtaining that the amount of evaporated humidity is 0,58 kg / s, heat consumption 1670315.9 W, specific heat consumption 2879.855 kJ / kg humidity, consumption of drying gases 2.07 kg / s. The economic indicators were determined, resulting in a NPV of $ 3,372,563.96, an IRR of 78% and a PRD of 2,2 years.
The research was carried out at the UEB Induvilla de Villa Clara Company, located in the Santa Clara municipality of the province. It was based on the design of a section of the silage plant from freshwater fish viscera, said section will produce dry silage, with the aim of substituting imports, since this product has taken on a fairly high value in the market. World Market. The objective of the work is to evaluate the alternatives for the dehydration of the biological silage of fish viscera. As a result of this research, it was known that dried fish silage is used in diets, in partial replacement of some protein input. Air temperature and film thickness of the silage, as well as the location within the dryer, have a significant effect on the characteristics of the dry silage and on the kinetics of the drying process. Solar dryers do not consume electrical energy, whereas fluidized bed dryers depend on the type of machine. The fluidized bed dryer was selected as the most suitable equipment because it does not depend on external factors, such as the weather, therefore it does not affect the quality of the product to be obtained. The dryer was sized obtaining that the amount of evaporated humidity is 0,58 kg / s, heat consumption 1670315.9 W, specific heat consumption 2879.855 kJ / kg humidity, consumption of drying gases 2.07 kg / s. The economic indicators were determined, resulting in a NPV of $ 3,372,563.96, an IRR of 78% and a PRD of 2,2 years.
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Palabras clave
Industria Alimentaria, Planta de Secado, Factibilidad Tecnológica