Aplicación de ACV en bloques de hormigón para la medición de impactos mediante el uso de áridos naturales y reciclados
Fecha
2018
Autores
Álvarez Luna, Macyuri
Barrios Castillo, Grisel Yanet
Rosa Domínguez, Elena Regla
Martínez Fernández, Lesday
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Resumen
En este trabajo se muestran los resultados del estudio de los impactos ambientales económicos y sociales de la producción de bloques de hormigón en el taller de Ecomateriales de Manicaragua, área experimental de producciones locales en Villa Clara, que pertenece al proyecto Hábitat. Se utiliza la herramienta Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) mediante el uso del programa SIMAPRO 7.3. Para la medición de los impactos ambientales se aplica la metodología del Eco indicador 99, y el Análisis de Costos de Ciclo de Vida (CCV) para los económicos. Las unidades funcionales evaluadas son el bloque 10 cm y el bloque 15 cm fabricados con dos alternativas: árido natural y árido reciclado. Los resultados muestran que la producción de bloques de 10 y 15 cm con árido reciclado tienen mayor impacto ambiental debido a que se utiliza más cemento que los fabricados con árido natural, aunque tienen menor impacto en la explotación de las canteras. El efecto económico indica que los bloques con árido reciclado son más económicos en $0,16 para los de 10 cm y en $0,23 para los de 15 cm debido a que disminuyen los costos de transportación y materiales. El impacto social revela que el bloque fabricado con árido reciclado tiende a influir negativamente en la salud, pues utiliza más cemento, pero se logra una producción adicional de dos unidades en el caso de los bloques de 10 cm y tres en los bloques de 15 cm utilizando la misma cantidad de áridos de las canteras.
This paper shows the results of the study of the economic and social environmental impacts of concrete blocks production in Eco-materials workshop in Manicaragua city. This is an experimental area of local production in Villa Clara, which belongs to Habitat project. The Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) tool is used through the use of SIMAPRO 7.3 program. For the measurement of environmental impacts, the Eco indicator 99 methodology is applied, and the Life Cycle Cost Analysis (CCV) for the economic ones. The functional units evaluated are the 10 and 15 cm blocks manufactured with two alternatives: natural aggregate and recycled aggregate. The results show that the production of blocks of 10 and 15 cm with recycled aggregate have a greater environmental impact due to the fact that more cement is used than those made with natural aggregate, although they have less impact on the exploitation of the quarries. The economic effect indicates that the blocks with recycled aggregate are more economical at $ 0.16 for those of 10 cm and $ 0.23 for those of 15 cm because they reduce transportation costs and materials. The social impact reveals that the block manufactured with recycled aggregate tends to have a negative influence on health, since it uses more cement, but an additional production of two units is achieved in the case of the 10 cm blocks and three in the 15 cm blocks using the same amount of aggregates from the quarries.
This paper shows the results of the study of the economic and social environmental impacts of concrete blocks production in Eco-materials workshop in Manicaragua city. This is an experimental area of local production in Villa Clara, which belongs to Habitat project. The Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) tool is used through the use of SIMAPRO 7.3 program. For the measurement of environmental impacts, the Eco indicator 99 methodology is applied, and the Life Cycle Cost Analysis (CCV) for the economic ones. The functional units evaluated are the 10 and 15 cm blocks manufactured with two alternatives: natural aggregate and recycled aggregate. The results show that the production of blocks of 10 and 15 cm with recycled aggregate have a greater environmental impact due to the fact that more cement is used than those made with natural aggregate, although they have less impact on the exploitation of the quarries. The economic effect indicates that the blocks with recycled aggregate are more economical at $ 0.16 for those of 10 cm and $ 0.23 for those of 15 cm because they reduce transportation costs and materials. The social impact reveals that the block manufactured with recycled aggregate tends to have a negative influence on health, since it uses more cement, but an additional production of two units is achieved in the case of the 10 cm blocks and three in the 15 cm blocks using the same amount of aggregates from the quarries.
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Palabras clave
Análisis de ciclo de vida, Áridos Reciclados, Impacto Ambiental, Impacto Económico, Impacto Social, Life Cycle Analysis, Recycled Aggregates, Environmental Impact, Economic Impact, Social Impact
Citación
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Alvarez Luna, M.; Rosa Dominguez, E.R.; Barrios Castillo, G.Y.; Martínez Fernández, L. (2018). Aplicación de ACV en bloques de hormigón para la medición de impactos mediante el uso de áridos naturales y reciclados.. Centro Azúcar. Año 2018,Vol. 2,Nº. 45. Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas, Cuba. pp. 14-24. ISSN: 2223-4861. Disponible URRL en: http://centroazucar.uclv.edu.cu/media/articulos/PDF/2018/2/2%20Vol.%2045%20No.2%202018.pdf. Referenciada por: SciELO