Simulación de defectos en piezas obtenidas en moldes de inyección de plásticos
Fecha
2016-07-21
Autores
Torres García, Luis Gabriel
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Editor
Universidad Central ‘‘Marta Abreu’’ de Las Villas. Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica e Industrial. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica
Resumen
En la vida moderna es notable el empleo de los materiales plásticos, día a día alcanza un papel cada vez más importante y sus aplicaciones abarcan a todas las ramas de la industria, desarrollando el campo de las ciencias de materiales. Los plásticos gozan de una amplia popularidad asociada a su bajo costo de producción, poco peso, elevada resistencia relativa y a la posibilidad de fabricación de piezas en las más variadas formas, tamaños y colores.
En el presente trabajo se ilustra cómo el análisis de simulación en ordenador utilizando el software MoldFlow Adviser 2014, permite evaluar determinados parámetros técnicos de la inyección y estudiar el comportamiento de los materiales plásticos en el interior de la cavidad del molde, logrando obtener un estándar aproximado a la realidad, sobre la contracción y defectos que conllevan a la deformación de la pieza.
A partir del análisis de la bibliografía consultada, se organiza la información dispersa, se pueden apreciar y se resumen los diferentes factores que inciden en las contracciones y deformaciones que se producen en las piezas obtenidas mediante el proceso de inyección de plástico.
Intención del estudio fue demostrar la factibilidad de mejorar el aprovechamiento de los recursos instalados en los talleres metalmecánicos y la disminución del número de piezas defectuosas pronosticando, teóricamente mediante cálculos y simulación del proceso, las posibles deformaciones y contracciones que pueden aparecer en una pieza obtenida por inyección de plástico y así llevar al diseño técnico las correcciones necesarias, previo a la elaboración de moldes y accesorios necesarios al proceso productivo, garantizando un efecto costo beneficio favorable.
Con los aspectos teóricos tratados, se resume la simulación del proceso de inyección de plástico, que permite comparar el resultado de la simulación con el modelo real del producto, determinando la coincidencia entre la pieza fabricada y la simulada. Los resultados obtenidos por el método real y la simulación, son comparables entre sí.
Never modern is notable the employment of the plastic materials, day to day it reaches a more and more important paper and your applications hatch to all chases of the industry, by developing the field of the sciences of materials. The plastics enjoy a wide popularity become a partner of your below cost of production, little weight, high relative resistance and to the possibility of manufacture of pieces in the more varied forms, sizes and colors. At present it works illustrates how the analysis of simulation in computer by using the MoldFlow software, permits evaluate certain technical parameters of the injection and study the conduct of the plastic materials in the inside of the cavity of the mold, by achieving it obtain an approximate standard to the reality, on the contraction and defects they share in bearing to the distortion of the piece. As of the analysis of the consulted bibliography, organizes the dispersed information, can appreciate and it is sum up the different factors they fall in the contractions and distortions that it is produced in the pieces obtained by means of the process of injection of plastic. Objective of the study was to demonstrate the factibilidads to improve the use of the installed resources in the workshops and the diminution of the number of faulty pieces by prognosticating, theoretically by means of calculations and simulation of the process, the possible distortions and contractions that they can appear in a piece obtained for injection of plastic and so take to the technical design the necessary, previous corrections to the fitting manufacture and accessory necessary to the productive process, by guaranteeing a cost effect benefit favorable. With the theoretical aspects treaties, sums up the simulation of the process of injection of plastic, that permits compare the result of the simulation with the model real of the product, by deciding the coincidence between the fabricated piece and the simulated thing. The obtained results for the real method and the simulation, are comparable among themselves.
Never modern is notable the employment of the plastic materials, day to day it reaches a more and more important paper and your applications hatch to all chases of the industry, by developing the field of the sciences of materials. The plastics enjoy a wide popularity become a partner of your below cost of production, little weight, high relative resistance and to the possibility of manufacture of pieces in the more varied forms, sizes and colors. At present it works illustrates how the analysis of simulation in computer by using the MoldFlow software, permits evaluate certain technical parameters of the injection and study the conduct of the plastic materials in the inside of the cavity of the mold, by achieving it obtain an approximate standard to the reality, on the contraction and defects they share in bearing to the distortion of the piece. As of the analysis of the consulted bibliography, organizes the dispersed information, can appreciate and it is sum up the different factors they fall in the contractions and distortions that it is produced in the pieces obtained by means of the process of injection of plastic. Objective of the study was to demonstrate the factibilidads to improve the use of the installed resources in the workshops and the diminution of the number of faulty pieces by prognosticating, theoretically by means of calculations and simulation of the process, the possible distortions and contractions that they can appear in a piece obtained for injection of plastic and so take to the technical design the necessary, previous corrections to the fitting manufacture and accessory necessary to the productive process, by guaranteeing a cost effect benefit favorable. With the theoretical aspects treaties, sums up the simulation of the process of injection of plastic, that permits compare the result of the simulation with the model real of the product, by deciding the coincidence between the fabricated piece and the simulated thing. The obtained results for the real method and the simulation, are comparable among themselves.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Materiales Plásticos, Moldes de Inyección, Pieza Plástica