Caracterización del apoyo social familiar a los adultos mayores del municipio Zulueta.
Fecha
2021-11
Autores
Fernández González, Stefany Fernández González
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Editor
Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas
Resumen
Resumen
Introducción: La vulnerabilidad de los adultos mayores conduce a una mayor demanda de
apoyo del núcleo familiar en una sociedad envejecida, en un contexto pandémico.
Objetivo: Caracterizar el apoyo social a los adultos mayores de la zona 41 del poblado de
Zulueta. Métodos: Estudio mixto, exploratorio-descriptivo y transversal, diseño exploratorio
secuencial. El muestreo fue no probabilístico e intencional. Se emplearon entrevistas semi-
estructuradas, ficha de datos sociodemográficos, observación y test de apoyo social a una
muestra de 15 adultos mayores, 15 familiares de los adultos mayores y 2 proveedores de salud.
El procesamiento se realizó en 2 etapas, la primera mediante análisis de contenido y matrices
de datos y la segunda mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS 25.0.
Resultados: Para los adultos mayores, la familia constituyó la principal fuente de apoyo social
y de protección ante estados de ánimo displacenteros producidos por la COVID-19, aunque en
este contexto tuvieron un rol poco activo. Los hijos y cónyuges fueron los proveedores de
apoyo más importantes. Prevalecieron el apoyo instrumental y socioemocional. Existen
dificultades en la comunicación familiar. Conclusiones: El apoyo social familiar a los adultos
mayores del poblado de Zulueta se caracteriza por satisfacer en gran medida las necesidades
básicas y superiores de los adultos mayores. Ante estados de ánimo displacenteros producidos
por la COVID-19 emergen sentimientos de amor, respeto y generosidad, aunque existen
limitaciones en la comunicación dadas por el papel poco activo del adulto mayor en la toma
de decisiones familiares.
Introduction: The vulnerability of the elderly leads to a greater demand for support from the family nucleus in an aging society, in a pandemic context. Objective: To characterize the social support for the elderly in zone 41 of the town of Zulueta. Methods: Mixed, exploratory-descriptive and cross-sectional study, exploratory sequential design. The sampling was non-probabilistic and intentional. Semi-structured interviews, socio- demographic data sheet, observation and social support test were used to a sample of 15 older adults, 15 relatives of the older adults and 2 health providers. The processing was carried out in 2 stages, the first using content analysis and data matrices and the second using the SPSS 25.0 statistical package. Results: For older adults, the family was the main source of social support and protection against unpleasant moods produced by COVID-19, although in this context they played a not very active role. Children and spouses were the most important providers of support. Instrumental and socio-emotional support prevailed. There are difficulties in family communication. Conclusions: Family social support for the elderly in the town of Zulueta is characterized by largely satisfying the basic and superior needs of the elderly. Faced with unpleasant moods produced by COVID-19, feelings of love, respect and generosity emerge, although there are limitations in communication due to the inactive role of the elderly in family decision-making.
Introduction: The vulnerability of the elderly leads to a greater demand for support from the family nucleus in an aging society, in a pandemic context. Objective: To characterize the social support for the elderly in zone 41 of the town of Zulueta. Methods: Mixed, exploratory-descriptive and cross-sectional study, exploratory sequential design. The sampling was non-probabilistic and intentional. Semi-structured interviews, socio- demographic data sheet, observation and social support test were used to a sample of 15 older adults, 15 relatives of the older adults and 2 health providers. The processing was carried out in 2 stages, the first using content analysis and data matrices and the second using the SPSS 25.0 statistical package. Results: For older adults, the family was the main source of social support and protection against unpleasant moods produced by COVID-19, although in this context they played a not very active role. Children and spouses were the most important providers of support. Instrumental and socio-emotional support prevailed. There are difficulties in family communication. Conclusions: Family social support for the elderly in the town of Zulueta is characterized by largely satisfying the basic and superior needs of the elderly. Faced with unpleasant moods produced by COVID-19, feelings of love, respect and generosity emerge, although there are limitations in communication due to the inactive role of the elderly in family decision-making.
Descripción
Palabras clave
adulto mayor, apoyo social, familia, older adult, social support, family