Estudio de la salud mental a partir de la mediatización de la función educativa de la familia en un grupo de escolares de 6 a 8 años de edad de la Escuela Primaria “Fernando Cuesta Piloto” de la ciudad de Santa Clara
Fecha
2013-06-26
Autores
López Godoy, Nayanis
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de las Villas
Resumen
La investigación se realizó entre los meses de enero y junio de 2013, con el objetivo
de analizar las particularidades de la salud mental a partir de la mediatización de la
función educativa de la familia en un grupo de escolares de 6 a 8 años de la Escuela
Primaria “Fernando Cuesta Piloto” de Santa Clara. Se adscribió al enfoque mixto
respondiendo al diseño de dos etapas, específicamente en la modalidad
transformación de datos. La muestra estuvo conformada por 34 escolares y por sus
familias correspondientes, empleando un muestreo no probabilístico. Las técnicas
aplicadas fueron: revisión del expediente escolar, dibujo libre, viajando con mi familia,
escalas de bienestar psicológico y de regulación emocional, observaciones a clases
y a la actividad de juego, entrevistas a las maestras y familias, test de funcionamiento
familiar, escudo familiar y observación a las familias. Para dar cumplimiento a los
objetivos planteados se llevó a cabo la triangulación de métodos para el análisis de
los datos: estadística descriptiva con análisis de contenido. Los resultados obtenidos
evidencian que los indicadores de riesgo del bienestar psicológico que determinan la
vulnerabilidad en la salud mental son la falta de autonomía, las respuestas
emocionales inefectivas y en menor medida deficiencias en la autoaceptación,
dificultades en las relaciones positivas que genera afectaciones en el bienestar
emocional. La salud mental de los escolares sin vulnerabilidad se sustenta en la
autoaceptación, relaciones positivas, bienestar emocional, regulación emocional
efectiva y percepción de seguridad como indicadores conservados. Las
características de las funciones familiares que inciden en la vulnerabilidad de la
salud mental son las deficiencias en el ejercicio de los roles parentales, la
comunicación asimétrica, la presencia de conflictos por la sobrecarga de roles así
como los estilos educativos inadecuados. Los indicadores que potencian la salud
mental de los escolares son la comunicación simétrica e informativa, desde el
empleo del estilo educativo democrático y las estrategias de afrontamiento efectivas.
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The research was carried out in a period between the months of January and June of 2013. It had as its main objective to analyze the particularities of mental health starting from the mediatization of the educational function of the family in a group of scholars between 6 and 8 years from the “Fernando Cuesta Piloto” Primary School in Santa Clara City. It was made to the mixed focus responding to a two stage design, specifically in the data transformation modality. The sample was conformed by 34 students and their corresponding families, using a non probabilistic sample. The techniques were applied: Revision of the Scholar Accumulative File, Free Drawing, Traveling with my family, Scales of psychological welfare and of emotional regulation, Observation to classes and to game activities, Interviews to the teachers and families, Test of family function, family Shield, Observation to families. To fulfill to the proposed objectives a triangulation of methods was carried out for the analysis of the data: descriptive statistic with the analysis of the content. The results obtained evidenced that the risk indicators of the psychological welfare that determine the vulnerability in the mental health are the lack of autonomy, not effective emotional answers and in a smaller degree deficiencies in the self acceptation, difficulties in the positive relationships which generates affectations in the emotional welfare. The mental health of the students without vulnerability is sustained in the self acceptation, positive relationships, emotional welfare, emotional effective regulation and perception of security as conserved indicators. The characteristics of the family functions which have incidence in the vulnerability of the mental health are the deficiencies in the exercise of parental roles, the asymmetric communication, and the presence of conflicts for the overload of roles as well as the educational inadequate styles. On the other hand the indicators that develop the mental health of the students are the symmetrical and informative communication, from the use of the educational democratic style and the effective confrontation strategies.
The research was carried out in a period between the months of January and June of 2013. It had as its main objective to analyze the particularities of mental health starting from the mediatization of the educational function of the family in a group of scholars between 6 and 8 years from the “Fernando Cuesta Piloto” Primary School in Santa Clara City. It was made to the mixed focus responding to a two stage design, specifically in the data transformation modality. The sample was conformed by 34 students and their corresponding families, using a non probabilistic sample. The techniques were applied: Revision of the Scholar Accumulative File, Free Drawing, Traveling with my family, Scales of psychological welfare and of emotional regulation, Observation to classes and to game activities, Interviews to the teachers and families, Test of family function, family Shield, Observation to families. To fulfill to the proposed objectives a triangulation of methods was carried out for the analysis of the data: descriptive statistic with the analysis of the content. The results obtained evidenced that the risk indicators of the psychological welfare that determine the vulnerability in the mental health are the lack of autonomy, not effective emotional answers and in a smaller degree deficiencies in the self acceptation, difficulties in the positive relationships which generates affectations in the emotional welfare. The mental health of the students without vulnerability is sustained in the self acceptation, positive relationships, emotional welfare, emotional effective regulation and perception of security as conserved indicators. The characteristics of the family functions which have incidence in the vulnerability of the mental health are the deficiencies in the exercise of parental roles, the asymmetric communication, and the presence of conflicts for the overload of roles as well as the educational inadequate styles. On the other hand the indicators that develop the mental health of the students are the symmetrical and informative communication, from the use of the educational democratic style and the effective confrontation strategies.
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Palabras clave
Salud Mental, Bienestar Psicológico, Regulación Emocional, Mental Health, Psychological Welfare, Emotional Regulation