Análisis y simulación del proceso de digestión anaeróbica de la fracción orgánica de los residuos sólidos urbanos
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Fecha
2009-06-25
Autores
Trindade da Graça Trovoada, Wildmark
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Universidad Cetral "Marta Abreu " de Las Villas
Resumen
El manejo de los Residuos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU), es complejo y se ha venido agudizando con el crecimiento y desarrollo económico de la sociedad, provocando a su vez una serie de inconvenientes sanitarios, tales como, la generación de focos de infección y vectores contaminantes de fuentes hídricas y recursos naturales. Para el tratamiento de los desechos urbanos no es suficiente conocer los aspectos generales, como por ejemplo: recolección, reciclaje y disposición final; sino también el aplicar nuevos conceptos y tecnologías sostenibles, en donde los residuos, especialmente los orgánicos se direccionen hacia procesos, en los cuales no solo se reduzca la cantidad, sino también se pueda obtener un producto o subproducto(s) que generen un valor agregado.
En este trabajo de diploma se desarrolla un análisis de los modelos de degradación anaeróbica de los residuos sólidos orgánicos con el objetivo de simular el comportamiento de las principales variables del proceso y obtener un análisis teórico que pueda servir de base para investigaciones futuras.
Para el desarrollo de la investigación se realizó un análisis de la literatura con el propósito de conocer las problemáticas que están relacionadas con los residuos sólidos urbanos, sus tratamientos y posibles aplicaciones tanto en Cuba como el Mundo.
En el Capítulo II se hace un abordaje general de algunos modelos de describen el proceso de digestión anaeróbica de la fracción orgánica de los residuos sólidos urbanos donde se describe el proceso de producción de biogás en Cuba y se analizaron algunas variables que influyen en el desarrollo del proceso de digestión anaeróbica durante el periodo de puesta en marcha de la planta.
En la simulación se analizó la influencia del cambio de la concentración del sustrato inicial de los compuestos orgánicos solubles e insolubles donde se constata que los mismos influyen en la degradación de la materia orgánica por parte de los microorganismos.
The handling of Urban Waste Solids (RSU) is complex and it has come intensifying with the growth and economic development of society, causing a series of sanitary disadvantages, such as, generation of infection centers and polluting vectors of hydric sources and natural resources. For the treatment of the urban remainders it is not sufficient to know the aspects general, like for example: harvesting, recycling and final disposition; but also to apply to new concepts and sustainable technologies, where the residues, especially the organic ones, are towards processes, in which not only the amount is reduced, but also a product or by-product can be obtained that generates a value added. In this thesis work an analysis of the models of anaerobic degradation of the organic solid residues with the aim of simulating the behavior of the main variables of the process is developed and obtaining a theoretical analysis that can be used basic for future investigations. For the development of the investigation an analysis of Literature was realized in order to know the problematic ones that is related to the urban residues solid, their treatments and possible applications as much in Cuba as the World. In Chapter II a general boarding becomes of some models of describe the process of anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of the urban solid residues where the process of production of biogas in Cuba is described and some variables were analyzed that influence in the development of the process of anaerobic digestion during the period of beginning of the plant. In the simulation the influence of the change of the concentration of the initial substrate was analyzed obtaining of the product I reach the result of which the simulated model does not consider the biological parameters of the equipment but phenomena that are happening.
The handling of Urban Waste Solids (RSU) is complex and it has come intensifying with the growth and economic development of society, causing a series of sanitary disadvantages, such as, generation of infection centers and polluting vectors of hydric sources and natural resources. For the treatment of the urban remainders it is not sufficient to know the aspects general, like for example: harvesting, recycling and final disposition; but also to apply to new concepts and sustainable technologies, where the residues, especially the organic ones, are towards processes, in which not only the amount is reduced, but also a product or by-product can be obtained that generates a value added. In this thesis work an analysis of the models of anaerobic degradation of the organic solid residues with the aim of simulating the behavior of the main variables of the process is developed and obtaining a theoretical analysis that can be used basic for future investigations. For the development of the investigation an analysis of Literature was realized in order to know the problematic ones that is related to the urban residues solid, their treatments and possible applications as much in Cuba as the World. In Chapter II a general boarding becomes of some models of describe the process of anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of the urban solid residues where the process of production of biogas in Cuba is described and some variables were analyzed that influence in the development of the process of anaerobic digestion during the period of beginning of the plant. In the simulation the influence of the change of the concentration of the initial substrate was analyzed obtaining of the product I reach the result of which the simulated model does not consider the biological parameters of the equipment but phenomena that are happening.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Residuos Sólidos Urbanos, Degradación Anaeróbica, Producción de Biogás, Cuba