Análisis de Ciclo de Vida en la refinería “Sergio Soto” del municipio Cabaiguán, provincia Sancti Spíritus
Fecha
2012-06-25
Autores
Rodríguez Consuegra, Claudia
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas
Resumen
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar un Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV) en el proceso de refinación de petróleo en la Refinería ¨Sergio Soto¨ de Cabaiguán, en la provincia de Sancti Spíritus para obtener los inventarios del ciclo de vida de la planta y determinar los productos y las etapas que mayor impacto tienen sobre la salud humana el medio ambiente y los recursos. La aplicación de la metodología del ACV se realiza sobre la base de los requisitos establecidos por la Norma NC ISO 14040:2006 y se utiliza el software Sima Pro 7.1 empleando el método del Eco-indicador 99. Los resultados muestran que la metodología utilizada constituye una herramienta valiosa para evaluar el desempeño ambiental de la refinación de petróleo y se comprueba que la producción por hora en la refinería tiene un impacto al medioambiente considerable, puesto que la categoría más afectada es la de respiración de inorgánicos, debido a las emisiones al aire producto del proceso de producción. Por otro lado se demostró que las categorías de menor impacto son la carcinogénesis, radiación, respiración de orgánicos, cambio climático, minerales y uso de suelos. Para la disminución del impacto ambiental se proponen dos medidas como lo son la creación de una planta de tratamiento de residuales gaseosos para tratar el hidrosulfuro de sodio y otra planta de tratamiento de residuales líquidos. Finalmente se realiza un estudio del comportamiento de la refinería en una hora de producción teniendo en cuenta la puesta en marcha de las plantas propuestas y se arriba a resultados satisfactorios, pues los impactos tienen una disminución notable quedando solo una categoría con igual afectación que es la de combustible fósil debido a la extracción de crudo, en la respiración de inorgánicos que tenía un impacto extremadamente se logra una reducción casi total del mismo.
The present work has as objective to carry out an Analysis of Cycle of Life (ACV) in the process of refinement of petroleum in the Refinery ¨Sergio Soto¨ of Cabaiguán, in the county of Sancti Spíritus to obtain the inventories of the cycle of life of the plant and to determine the products and the stages that bigger impact has about the human health the environment and the resources. The application of the methodology of the ACV is carried out on the base of the requirements settled down by the Norma NC ISO 14040:2006 and the software Sima Pro is used 7.1 using the method of the Echo-indicator 99. The results show that the used methodology constitutes a valuable tool to evaluate the environmental acting of the refinement of petroleum and he is proven that the production per hour in the refinery has an impact to the considerable ecosystem, since the affected category is that of breathing of inorganic, due to the emissions to the air product of the production process. On the other hand it was demonstrated that the categories of smaller impact are the carcinogens, radiation, breathing of organic, I change climatic, minerals and use of floors. For the decrease of the environmental impact they intend two measures as they are it the creation of a treatment plant of residual gassy to treat the hidrosulfuro of sodium and another plant of treatment of residual liquids. Finally he is carried out a study of the behavior of the refinery in a hour of production keeping in mind the setting in march of the proposed plants and you arrives to satisfactory results, because the impacts have a remarkable decrease being alone a category with same affectation that is that of fossil fuel due to the extraction of raw, in the breathing of inorganic that had an impact extremely an almost total reduction of the same one it is achieved.
The present work has as objective to carry out an Analysis of Cycle of Life (ACV) in the process of refinement of petroleum in the Refinery ¨Sergio Soto¨ of Cabaiguán, in the county of Sancti Spíritus to obtain the inventories of the cycle of life of the plant and to determine the products and the stages that bigger impact has about the human health the environment and the resources. The application of the methodology of the ACV is carried out on the base of the requirements settled down by the Norma NC ISO 14040:2006 and the software Sima Pro is used 7.1 using the method of the Echo-indicator 99. The results show that the used methodology constitutes a valuable tool to evaluate the environmental acting of the refinement of petroleum and he is proven that the production per hour in the refinery has an impact to the considerable ecosystem, since the affected category is that of breathing of inorganic, due to the emissions to the air product of the production process. On the other hand it was demonstrated that the categories of smaller impact are the carcinogens, radiation, breathing of organic, I change climatic, minerals and use of floors. For the decrease of the environmental impact they intend two measures as they are it the creation of a treatment plant of residual gassy to treat the hidrosulfuro of sodium and another plant of treatment of residual liquids. Finally he is carried out a study of the behavior of the refinery in a hour of production keeping in mind the setting in march of the proposed plants and you arrives to satisfactory results, because the impacts have a remarkable decrease being alone a category with same affectation that is that of fossil fuel due to the extraction of raw, in the breathing of inorganic that had an impact extremely an almost total reduction of the same one it is achieved.
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Palabras clave
Refinerías, Refinería "Sergio Soto", Cabaiguán, Análisis del Ciclo de Vida, Impacto Ambiental, Santic Spíritus