Impacto sobre la calidad del aire de una planta de generación de energía eléctrica a base de Fuel Oil
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Guerra Mesa, Aracely
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Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas
Resumen
El presente trabajo evalúa la calidad del aire en una zona donde esta ubicada
una fuente fija del sector de la energía, la Central Eléctrica Fuel oil Santa Clara
110. Para el estudio se desarrolló un procedimiento que permite la evaluación
del proceso tecnológico de generación distribuida y su incidencia en la calidad
del aire mediante el análisis integrado de la emisión de los contaminantes a una
capacidad de carga estable y los impactos asociados, la modelación de la
dispersión y la evaluación de los niveles de inmisión en un radio que incluye el
radio de protección sanitaria.
Se realizan cálculos básicos de ingeniería para conocer los parámetros
tecnológicos de interés y para la evaluación experimental de la emisión y de la
inmisión se utilizan un analizador automático y captadores pasivos
respectivamente, reconocidos internacionalmente para este tipo de estudio.
Además se realiza la modelación de la dispersión mediante el software ISCT3 y
el modelo de la dispersión de la norma cubana 39:1999 y se evalúan las
categorías de impacto contempladas en el eco indicador 99.
Los resultados demuestran que la calidad del aire en la zona residencial es
aceptable y que la fuente estudiada no tributa directamente a esta zona en el
período del estudio. Sin embargo los valores de las concentraciones emitidas de
SO2 y NO2 son elevados e impactan significativamente en la categoría de
respiración de inorgánicos con incidencia en la categoría de daños a la salud y al
ecosistema.
Los resultados de la modelación de la dispersión justifican que la dispersión es
hacia el oeste no afectando directamente la zona residencial en este período,
pero por los altos valores de concentración en la zona rural y/o industrial y
porque las condiciones meteorológicas de velocidad y dirección del viento no
son constantes en todo el año se debe mejorar el desempeño ambiental con el
objetivo de minimizar los impactos.
The present work evaluates the quality of the air in an area where is located a fixed source of the sector of the energy, the ¨ Electric Central Fuel oil Santa Clara 110. For the study, a procedure that allows the evaluation of the technological process of distributed generation and its incidence in the quality of the air by means of the integrated analysis of the emission from the pollutants to a capacity of stable load and the associate impacts, the modeling of the dispersion and the evaluation of the inmision levels in a radius that includes the radius of sanitary protection, was developed. They are carried out basic engineering calculations in order to know the technological interesting parameters and for the experimental evaluation of the emission and of the inmision an automatic analyzer and passive captators are used respectively, grateful internationally pear this study type. Moreover, it was carried out the modulation of the dispersion by means of the software ISCT3 and the pattern of the dispersion of the Cuban norm 39: 1999 and the impact categories contemplated in the eco indicator 99 were evaluated. The results demonstrate that the quality of the air in the residential area is acceptable and that the studied source doesn't pay directly to this area in the period of the study. However, the values of the emitted concentrations of SO2 and NO2 are high and they impact significantly in the breathing category of inorganic with incidence in the category of damages to the health and the ecosystem. The results of the modeling of the dispersion justify that the dispersion is toward the west not affecting the residential area directly in this period, but for the high concentration values in the area rural and industrial and because the meteorological conditions of speed and address of the wind are not constant in the whole year the environmental acting should be improved with the objective of minimizing the impacts.
The present work evaluates the quality of the air in an area where is located a fixed source of the sector of the energy, the ¨ Electric Central Fuel oil Santa Clara 110. For the study, a procedure that allows the evaluation of the technological process of distributed generation and its incidence in the quality of the air by means of the integrated analysis of the emission from the pollutants to a capacity of stable load and the associate impacts, the modeling of the dispersion and the evaluation of the inmision levels in a radius that includes the radius of sanitary protection, was developed. They are carried out basic engineering calculations in order to know the technological interesting parameters and for the experimental evaluation of the emission and of the inmision an automatic analyzer and passive captators are used respectively, grateful internationally pear this study type. Moreover, it was carried out the modulation of the dispersion by means of the software ISCT3 and the pattern of the dispersion of the Cuban norm 39: 1999 and the impact categories contemplated in the eco indicator 99 were evaluated. The results demonstrate that the quality of the air in the residential area is acceptable and that the studied source doesn't pay directly to this area in the period of the study. However, the values of the emitted concentrations of SO2 and NO2 are high and they impact significantly in the breathing category of inorganic with incidence in the category of damages to the health and the ecosystem. The results of the modeling of the dispersion justify that the dispersion is toward the west not affecting the residential area directly in this period, but for the high concentration values in the area rural and industrial and because the meteorological conditions of speed and address of the wind are not constant in the whole year the environmental acting should be improved with the objective of minimizing the impacts.