Diseño y evaluación de un campo termosolar para la inyección de energía renovable en el ciclo combinado de ENERGAS Varadero
Fecha
2015-07-23
Autores
Rojas Acosta, Ariam
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Editor
Universidad Central ‘‘Marta Abreu’’ de Las Villas. Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica e Industrial. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica
Resumen
La termoeléctrica ENERGAS (Varadero-Cárdenas) genera la electricidad más barata del país, pues se obtiene con alta eficiencia a partir del consumo del gas natural acompañante de la extracción de petróleo matancero. Sin embargo, ha estado limitada por la carencia de gas en la zona y la generación eléctrica, se ha visto deprimida a 45 MW de los 80 MW de potencial que posee por diseño. Por lo que se comienza a concebir la idea, de utilizar los sistemas termo-solares de concentración para recuperar los MW de potencia perdida. Por todo lo antes expuesto, se definió como objetivo general: Evaluar la oportunidad de un posible proyecto para recuperar la capacidad de generación eléctrica en la planta de ciclo combinado de ENERGAS Varadero mediante el uso de de Colectores Cilíndricos Parabólicos prototipo (EUROTrough-150). Se calculó el potencial solar en la zona de estudio y el rendimiento global del colector. Se evaluó las características del terreno para dimensionar el campo solar y se calculó el impacto ambiental y económico del proyecto. El potencial solar de la zona fue óptimo para la instalación de los colectores cilíndricos parabólicos. El rendimiento global del colector fue de aproximadamente 65% afectado por las pérdidas geométricas, ópticas, térmicas y por las condiciones meteorológicas del lugar. Las características del terreno resultaron idóneas para el dimensionamiento del campo solar. Con esta tecnología se logró disminuir las emisiones de CO2/año en 37 800 toneladas. El proyecto es económicamente factible al lograrse un VAN de 67 millones de pesos y una tasa interna de retorno TIR de 24.8 %.
Palabras clave: Sistemas termo-solares de concentración, rendimiento global del colector, potencial solar.
The thermoelectric ENERGAS (Varadero-Cárdenas) generates the cheapest electricity in the country, because it is obtained with high efficiency starting from the consumption of the gas natural companion of the extraction of petroleum matancero. However, it has been limited by the lack of gas in the area and the electric generation, it has been depressed to 45 MW of the 80 MW of potential that possesses for design. For that begins to conceive the idea, of using the water heater-solar systems of concentration to recover the MW of lost power. For all him before exposed, he/she was defined as general objective: To evaluate the opportunity of a possible project to recover the capacity of electric generation in the plant of combined cycle of ENERGAS Varadero by means of the use of of Collectors Cylindrical Parabolic prototype (EUROTrough-150). The solar potential was calculated in the study area and the global yield of the collector. It was evaluated the characteristics of the land for dimensional the solar field and the environmental and economic impact of the project was calculated. The solar potential of the area was good for the installation of the parabolic cylindrical collectors. The global yield of the collector was of approximately 65% affected by the geometric, optic, thermal losses and for the meteorological conditions of the place. The characteristics of the land were suitable for the dimensionamiento of the solar field. With this technology it was possible to diminish the emissions of CO2/years in 37 800 tons. The project is economically feasible when 67 million pesos being achieved and an internal rate of return TIR of 24.8%. Words key: Water heater-solar systems of concentration, global yield of the collector, solar potential.
The thermoelectric ENERGAS (Varadero-Cárdenas) generates the cheapest electricity in the country, because it is obtained with high efficiency starting from the consumption of the gas natural companion of the extraction of petroleum matancero. However, it has been limited by the lack of gas in the area and the electric generation, it has been depressed to 45 MW of the 80 MW of potential that possesses for design. For that begins to conceive the idea, of using the water heater-solar systems of concentration to recover the MW of lost power. For all him before exposed, he/she was defined as general objective: To evaluate the opportunity of a possible project to recover the capacity of electric generation in the plant of combined cycle of ENERGAS Varadero by means of the use of of Collectors Cylindrical Parabolic prototype (EUROTrough-150). The solar potential was calculated in the study area and the global yield of the collector. It was evaluated the characteristics of the land for dimensional the solar field and the environmental and economic impact of the project was calculated. The solar potential of the area was good for the installation of the parabolic cylindrical collectors. The global yield of the collector was of approximately 65% affected by the geometric, optic, thermal losses and for the meteorological conditions of the place. The characteristics of the land were suitable for the dimensionamiento of the solar field. With this technology it was possible to diminish the emissions of CO2/years in 37 800 tons. The project is economically feasible when 67 million pesos being achieved and an internal rate of return TIR of 24.8%. Words key: Water heater-solar systems of concentration, global yield of the collector, solar potential.
Descripción
Palabras clave
ENERGAS (Varadero-Cárdenas), Gas Natural, Extracción de Petróleo, Colectores Cilíndricos Parabólicos, Sistemas Termo-Solares de Concentración, Rendimiento Global del Colector, Potencial Solar