Intervención psicoterapéutica grupal dirigida a potenciar la adecuación de la autovaloración y atenuar los estados emocionales en pacientes con cáncer de mama en tratamiento quimioterapéutico.
Fecha
2011-06-24
Autores
Alfonso García, Ana Beatriz
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de las Villas
Resumen
La investigación se desarrolló en el Hospital Universitario "Celestino Hernández Robau" de la provincia de Villa Clara, durante el período de febrero-mayo de 2011. La misma tiene como objetivo constatar la efectividad de la intervención psicoterapéutica dirigida a potenciar la adecuación de la autovaloración y atenuar los estados emocionales (ansiedad y depresión) de pacientes con cáncer de mama en tratamiento quimioterapéutico.
Se utilizó un paradigma mixto con un diseño de enfoque dominante o principal,
fundamentalmente cuantitativo con el apoyo de métodos y recursos cualitativos. Además se desarrolló un diseño cuasi-experimental con pre-prueba y pos-prueba con grupo de control, utilizando un tipo de estudio correlacional-explicativo. La muestra se seleccionó de manera aleatoria sistemática, conformada por 60 pacientes con cáncer de mama, de los cuales se asignaron 30 para el grupo de estudio y 30 para el grupo de control.
Las variables psicológicas estudiadas fueron intervención psicoterapéutica, autovaloración y sus configuraciones, ansiedad, depresión y efectividad de la intervención. Se empleó un sistema de métodos, técnicas y procedimientos como el método dialéctico-materialista, histórico-lógico, entrevista psicológica semi-estructurada, observación participante, escala Dembo-Rubinstein, encuestas, entre otras, con el objetivo de evaluar dichas variables, cuyos
resultados fueron valorados cuantitativamente mediante técnicas y tablas comprendidas en el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 13.0 y cualitativamente mediante el análisis de contenido.
Los resultados mostraron un predominio de la autovaloración inadecuada o subvaloración en ambos grupos en la etapa pre-prueba y altos niveles de ansiedad y depresión como estado,mientras que bajo y medio como rasgo. El grupo de estudio luego de la intervención mostró diferencias en el comportamiento de todas las categorías estudiadas, predominando una autovaloración adecuada, mientras que el grupo de control mantuvo similares resultados a los obtenidos en la etapa pre-prueba. Se logró alcanzar al final de la intervención altos niveles de satisfacción por parte de las pacientes, el equipo médico (psicoterapeuta y oncólogo-quimioterapeuta) que unido al cumplimiento de los objetivos de la misma posibilitó
constatar la efectividad de la intervención psicoterapéutica en su primer corte.
The present research was developed at university hospital "Celestino Hernández Robau" in Villa Clara province, throughout January and May months of 2011 year. It has as primordial aim to verify the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic intervention directed to increase the selfvaluation and to attenuate the emotional states (anxiety and depression of breast-cancer patients with chemotherapeutic-therapeutic treatment. It was used a mixed paradigm with a dominant approach design, mainly quantitative with the support of qualitative methods and resources. Therefore, it was developed a cuasiexperimental design with pre-test and post-test with control group, using a kind of correctional-explicative study. The sample was selected aleatory, it was formed by 60 patients with breast-cancer, and from this group it was assigned 30 for the study group and the rest for the control one. The psychological variables studied were the psychotherapeutic intervention, self-valuation, anxiety, depression and the effectiveness of the intervention. It was used a system of methods, techniques and procedures as the dialectical-materialist method, historical-logical,structured psychological interview, participant observation, Dumbo-Rubinstein scale, surveys, among others, with the aim of evaluating the variables, whose results were valuated quantitatively throughout techniques and charts comprised in the statistic package (SPSS 13.0 version and qualitatively throughout the content`s analysis. The final results show a prevalence of the inadequate self-valuation or maybe a sub-valuation in both groups in the pre-test stage and the high levels of anxiety and depression as state. The study group, after the intervention shows differences in the behavior of each studied category, prevailing an adequate self-valuation, while in the control group it kept similar results to the ones obtained in the pre-test stage. It was achieved, at the end of the intervention a higher level of satisfaction in the patients and the doctors, which enabled the possibility of verifying the effectiveness of the psychotherapeutic intervention.
The present research was developed at university hospital "Celestino Hernández Robau" in Villa Clara province, throughout January and May months of 2011 year. It has as primordial aim to verify the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic intervention directed to increase the selfvaluation and to attenuate the emotional states (anxiety and depression of breast-cancer patients with chemotherapeutic-therapeutic treatment. It was used a mixed paradigm with a dominant approach design, mainly quantitative with the support of qualitative methods and resources. Therefore, it was developed a cuasiexperimental design with pre-test and post-test with control group, using a kind of correctional-explicative study. The sample was selected aleatory, it was formed by 60 patients with breast-cancer, and from this group it was assigned 30 for the study group and the rest for the control one. The psychological variables studied were the psychotherapeutic intervention, self-valuation, anxiety, depression and the effectiveness of the intervention. It was used a system of methods, techniques and procedures as the dialectical-materialist method, historical-logical,structured psychological interview, participant observation, Dumbo-Rubinstein scale, surveys, among others, with the aim of evaluating the variables, whose results were valuated quantitatively throughout techniques and charts comprised in the statistic package (SPSS 13.0 version and qualitatively throughout the content`s analysis. The final results show a prevalence of the inadequate self-valuation or maybe a sub-valuation in both groups in the pre-test stage and the high levels of anxiety and depression as state. The study group, after the intervention shows differences in the behavior of each studied category, prevailing an adequate self-valuation, while in the control group it kept similar results to the ones obtained in the pre-test stage. It was achieved, at the end of the intervention a higher level of satisfaction in the patients and the doctors, which enabled the possibility of verifying the effectiveness of the psychotherapeutic intervention.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Intervención Psicoterapéutica, Autovaloración, Estados Emocionales, Cáncer de Mama, Tratamiento Quimioterapéutico, Efectividad, Psychotherapeutic Intervention, Self-valuation, Emotional States, Breast-Cancer, Chemotherapeutic Treatment