Estudio de las necesidades de salud: Su papel mediatizador en la adherencia al tratamiento en adolescentes con Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico
Fecha
2013-06-26
Autores
González Ortiz, Julian Eduardo
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Editor
Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de las Villas
Resumen
La presente investigación se realizó con el objetivo de caracterizar las necesidades de salud y su mediatización en la adherencia al tratamiento de los adolescentes portadores de Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico del Hospital José Luís Miranda de la provincia de Villa Clara. El estudio se adscribió al enfoque mixto respondiendo al diseño principal o dominante de alcance exploratorio, utilizándose como método (estrategia) el estudio de Casos Múltiples. La muestra estuvo conformada por 10 pacientes de sala de Reumatología en el área 4 de dicho hospital en el período de enero a mayo del 2013, se empleó un muestro no probabilístico, dirigido por oportunidad.
Se emplearon las siguientes técnicas: Entrevista psicológica semiestructurada, Observación, Técnica de los Diez Deseos, Completamiento de Frases (Rotter), Escala de Adherencia al Tratamiento y Autorreporte Vivencial. Para dar cumplimiento a los objetivos planteados se realizó análisis de contenido triangulando los resultados de las técnicas y las fuentes: padres y personal asistencial,
Prevalecen en el orden subjetivo la necesidad de aceptar la enfermedad, de vivir más y curarse, la necesidad de manejar adecuadamente los conflictos relacionados con el estado de salud en la familia, la necesidad de socializar y llevar un estilo de vida que genere bienestar psicológico y la necesidad de éxito escolar.
Se significan como necesidades de salud: La necesidad de un afrontamiento efectivo ante la enfermedad y la necesidad potenciar el autocuidado en oposición al asistencialismo. Las existencias de estas necesidades marcadas por conflictos y frustraciones mediatizan la expresión de una adherencia inadecuada en los adolescentes. El incumplimiento del tratamiento está condicionado por el desconocimiento de la enfermedad, rechazo a la enfermedad, manejo inadecuado de conflictos familiares, estilos inconsistentes que generan dependencia, debilitamiento de las redes de apoyo, insuficiente socialización así como un estilo de vida incongruente con la patología.
The present researching was developed with the objective of characterizing the necessities of health and its developing in the adherence to the treatment of the teenagers payees of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus of the Hospital José Luis Miranda of the province of Villa Clara. The study was attributed to the mixed focus responding to the main or dominant design of exploratory reach, using you as method (strategy) the study of Multiple Cases. The sample was conformed by 10 patients of room of Reumatology in the area 4 of this hospital during the period of January to May of the 2013, it was employed a non probable sample, directed by opportunity. The following techniques were used: psychological demistructured interviews, Observation, Technique of the Ten Desires, fulfilling of phrases (Rotter), Scale of Adherence to the Treatment and daily life self reporting. In order to compliment the outlined objectives it was carried out analysis of triangle content the results of the techniques and the sources: parents and personal assistance, The necessity to accept the illness will prevail on the subjective order, of living more and to be treated, the necessity to manage the conflicts related to the state of health in the appropriately family, the necessity of connecting themselves and to take a lifestyle that generates psychological well-being and the necessity of school success. The necessities of health are determined as the following: the necessity of an effective confrontation into disease and the necessity of maximizing the self caring in opposition to the outer assistance. The existences of these necessities attached by conflicts and frustrations show the expression of a non appropriated adherence in the adolescents. The non fulfillment of the treatment is conditioned by the ignorance of the disease; rejection to the disease, non appropriated handling of family conflicts, careless styles that generate dependence, weakness of the support nets, insufficient socialization as well as an incongruous lifestyle with the pathology.
The present researching was developed with the objective of characterizing the necessities of health and its developing in the adherence to the treatment of the teenagers payees of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus of the Hospital José Luis Miranda of the province of Villa Clara. The study was attributed to the mixed focus responding to the main or dominant design of exploratory reach, using you as method (strategy) the study of Multiple Cases. The sample was conformed by 10 patients of room of Reumatology in the area 4 of this hospital during the period of January to May of the 2013, it was employed a non probable sample, directed by opportunity. The following techniques were used: psychological demistructured interviews, Observation, Technique of the Ten Desires, fulfilling of phrases (Rotter), Scale of Adherence to the Treatment and daily life self reporting. In order to compliment the outlined objectives it was carried out analysis of triangle content the results of the techniques and the sources: parents and personal assistance, The necessity to accept the illness will prevail on the subjective order, of living more and to be treated, the necessity to manage the conflicts related to the state of health in the appropriately family, the necessity of connecting themselves and to take a lifestyle that generates psychological well-being and the necessity of school success. The necessities of health are determined as the following: the necessity of an effective confrontation into disease and the necessity of maximizing the self caring in opposition to the outer assistance. The existences of these necessities attached by conflicts and frustrations show the expression of a non appropriated adherence in the adolescents. The non fulfillment of the treatment is conditioned by the ignorance of the disease; rejection to the disease, non appropriated handling of family conflicts, careless styles that generate dependence, weakness of the support nets, insufficient socialization as well as an incongruous lifestyle with the pathology.
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Palabras clave
Enfermedades Crónicas, Lupus Eritematosos Sistémico - Tratamiento, Adolescentes, Chronic Diseases, Teens, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Treatment