Diseño óptimo de una planta de almidón acetilado proveniente de Manihot esculenta Crantz (Yuca)
Fecha
2021
Autores
Sánchez Cabrera, Ernesto
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Editor
Universidad Central ‘‘Marta Abreu’’ de Las Villas. Facultad de Química y Farmacia. Departamento de Ingeniería Química
Resumen
Atendiendo a la aplicabilidad y valor agregado de los almidones acetilados y a la disponibilidad potencial de yuca para su elaboración, es necesario encontrar variantes tecnológicas con resultados técnico-económicos favorables y compatibilidad energética y ambiental. El trabajo tiene como objetivo optimizar desde el punto vista técnico–económico una instalación productora de almidón acetilado de yuca sin gelatinización previa. Se seleccionan tecnologías adoptadas desde los procesos del almidón nativo por vía mecanizada y se propuso el diseño y desarrollo de las etapas de calentamiento de la lechada, acetilación y secado neumático. Para la optimización, a través de la metodología de superficie respuesta, se desarrolló un diseño experimental para la modelación estadística del comportamiento de la ganancia y los indicadores dinámicos VAN y TIR en función de las variables de optimización capacidad de la planta, grado de sustitución y temperatura del gas de secado. Los parámetros óptimos de operación de la instalación se corresponden con una ganancia de 1 420 000 USD, un VAN de 9 090 000 USD y una TIR del 82,51 %. Y se alcanzan a una capacidad productiva de 12,57 traíces/d, grado de sustitución de 0,505 y 124,98 °C en la alimentación del aire al secadero neumático. En esas condiciones el calentador de lechada requiere un volumen de 0,5 m3, la batería de tres acetiladores tiene un volumen total de 35 m3 y el conducto de secado neumático requiere una capacidad de 2,52 m3, alcanzando reducción importante de los índices de consumo energético respecto al proceso con gelatinización previa y distribución efectiva de los tratamientos y destinos para los residuos sólidos y líquidos.
Considering the applicability and added value of acetylated starches and the potential availability of cassava for its preparation, it is necessary to find technological variants with favorable technical-economic results and energy and environmental compatibility. The objective of the work is to optimize, from technical-economic point of view, an installation that produces acetylated cassava starch without prior gelatinization. Technologies adopted from the native starch processes are selected by mechanized means and the design and development of the stages of heating the slurry, acetylation and pneumatic drying were proposed. For the optimization, through the response surface methodology, an experimental design was developed for the statistical modeling of the behavior of the gain and the dynamic indicators NPV and IRR as a function of the optimization variables plant capacity, degree of substitution and drying gas temperature. The optimal operating parameters of the facility correspond to a profit of USD 1 420 000, a NPV of USD 9 090 000 and an IRR of 82.51%. And they reach a productive capacity of 12.57 troots / d, a degree of substitution of 0.505 and 124.98 ° C in the air supply to the pneumatic dryer. Under these conditions, the slurry heater requires a volume of 0.5 m3, the batteries of three acetylators have a total volume of 35 m3 and the pneumatic drying conduit requires a capacity of 2.52 m3, achieving a significant reduction in the rates of energy consumption compared to the process with prior gelatinization and effective distribution of treatments and destinations for solid and liquid waste.
Considering the applicability and added value of acetylated starches and the potential availability of cassava for its preparation, it is necessary to find technological variants with favorable technical-economic results and energy and environmental compatibility. The objective of the work is to optimize, from technical-economic point of view, an installation that produces acetylated cassava starch without prior gelatinization. Technologies adopted from the native starch processes are selected by mechanized means and the design and development of the stages of heating the slurry, acetylation and pneumatic drying were proposed. For the optimization, through the response surface methodology, an experimental design was developed for the statistical modeling of the behavior of the gain and the dynamic indicators NPV and IRR as a function of the optimization variables plant capacity, degree of substitution and drying gas temperature. The optimal operating parameters of the facility correspond to a profit of USD 1 420 000, a NPV of USD 9 090 000 and an IRR of 82.51%. And they reach a productive capacity of 12.57 troots / d, a degree of substitution of 0.505 and 124.98 ° C in the air supply to the pneumatic dryer. Under these conditions, the slurry heater requires a volume of 0.5 m3, the batteries of three acetylators have a total volume of 35 m3 and the pneumatic drying conduit requires a capacity of 2.52 m3, achieving a significant reduction in the rates of energy consumption compared to the process with prior gelatinization and effective distribution of treatments and destinations for solid and liquid waste.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Industria Alimentaria, Procesos Industriales, Diseño Tecnológico, Producción de Almidón Acetilado, Almidón de Yuca